The Columbia River Treaty has been in effect for over 45 years, but its future is uncertain. Starting in 2014, Canada and the United States will have the opportunity to announce ten years’ notice for termination of the current arrangement. As this artificial deadline approaches, stakeholders are working to determine...
The goal of this study was to optimize a through-boring pattern that will provide adequate preservative penetration while minimizing the reduction in overall pole bending strength. Hole spacing was developed using longitudinal and transverse chemical penetration data from previous studies. Finite element analysis was used as a preliminary assessment tool...
In transboundary water resources policy and management situations, such as the governance of the Columbia River Basin, complex social, ecological, and economic factors seem to be in irreconcilable competition with one another. However, cooperative negotiation provides an outlet for entities and stakeholders to "expand the pie" and develop creative alternatives...
Since the Wolf, Yoffe, and Giordano 2003 Basins at Risk study, examining human interactions with transboundary water resources through a lens of conflict and cooperation has been a dominant paradigm. The Basins at Risk (BAR) method involves categorizing events on a scale from most conflictive (e.g. war or extensive casualties)...
The area devoted to pear production in the United States (U.S.) is declining due to lack of precocity and high
cost of production. The U.S. pear industry currently lacks "modern" orchard systems characterized by compact
trees that produce early, high yields of large, high quality fruit. Tall, shaded canopies are...
American railroads have faced a declining share of freight
traffic relative to other modes. Although a variety of reasons have been
identified for this decline, most experts agree that a contributing problem
is that the rail system is overdeveloped with unprofitable branchlines.
Many economic models have been utilized to analyze...
Intracellular symbioses between cnidarians and dinoflagellates from the genus Symbiodinium are widespread throughout the marine environment. These associations are ecologically significant, especially in tropical waters where symbiotic interactions between corals and Symbiodinium culminate in the formation of limestone reefs. This thesis focuses on cellular and molecular aspects of the symbiosis,...
The effects of broadcast gypsum on infiltration rates, crusting,
aggregate stability, and runoff and sediment yields were analyzed
during the winter months on three West Oregon soils. The results were
used to evaluate its utility as a management tool to help control
erosion.
An application rate of two metric tons...
The phytopathogen Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, DeCock & Man in't Veld), causal agent of Sudden Oak Death (SOD) of oaks (Quercus spp.) and tanoaks (Notholithocarpus densiflorus syn. Lithocarpus densiflorus), is established in coastal forests of the western United States. Since the discovery of SOD in the Douglas-fir / tanoak forests of...
Two different nuclear-medium effects are isolated using a low three-momentum transfer subsample of neutrino-carbon scattering data from the MINERvA neutrino experiment. The observed hadronic energy in charged-current ν[subscript]μ interactions is combined with muon kinematics to permit separation of the quasielastic and Δ(1232) resonance processes. First, we observe a small cross...
This study posited that maturational growth in emotion regulation should be associated with reduction in hyperactivity during the transition into adolescence. The longitudinal design assessed emotion regulation and hyperactivity in an urban community sample of children in three waves, at ages 10.6, 11.6, and 12.6 years. A parallel growth curve...
Heavy timber framing relies primarily on bracing to withstand lateral loads due to earthquakes and wind events. Bracing configurations in heavy timber framed buildings vary widely and include cross bracing, knee bracing, and other geometries. Many heavy timber frames constructed during colonial American times are still standing, exceeding the expected...
Three different ground cover management strategies were compared at the OSU research vineyard near Alpine, Oregon. Botanical diversity was actively increased in two diverse treatments. Another treatment was botanically uniform and contained creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). The composition of the vineyard floor vegetation and grapevine performance as affected by the...
Increased water temperatures and thermal loading due to anthropogenic inputs has
been shown to negatively impact the lifecycles of aquatic organisms in riverine
systems (Poole and Berman 2001; Hannah, Malcolm et al. 2004; Quinn, Gagne et al.
2004). The studies enclosed in this thesis evaluate and quantify the heat fluxes...
Full Text:
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF
Graysen M. Squeochs for the
This index provides access to infonnation about women in 102 books and journals. The information contained in each entry is only as good as the original and the quality varies considerably. Much of this infonnation has not before been easily accesible in this form. My hope is that this index...
Pantoea vagans C9-1 (C9-1) is a biological control agent sprayed onto apple and pear trees during bloom for suppression of fire blight, a devastating bacterial disease caused by Erwinia amylovora. Prior bioinformatics studies of C9-1 focused on predicted phenotypes associated with the three native megaplasmids, pPag1, pPag2, and pPag3, and...
The need for field and laboratory studies of the physical and
chemical behavior of environmentally significant organic molecules often
poses problems because of the toxicity of the chemical and the difficulty
of detecting it at environmentally significant concentrations.
Two dysprosium tracers, dysprosium (III) trisacetylacetonate trihydrate
and dysprosium(III) trisdibenzoylmethane monohydrate, were...
A gas-permeable-membrane-supported (GPMS) biofilm consisting
of methylotrophic bacteria was effective in degrading chlorinated
methanes, ethanes, and ethenes. The biofilm was developed on a
gas-permeable fabric (Goretex, W.L.Gore & Associates, Elkton,
Maryland) that divided a reactor vessel into a liquid compartment
and a gas compartment. Goretex is a nylon-backed teflon mesh...
Native lamprey species in the Central Valley of California serve important ecological roles in rivers and tributaries and face similar conservation challenges as salmonids. Concerns of declining lamprey populations have led to collaboration of tribes, local, state, and federal agencies to increase understanding of ecology and life history. Pacific Lamprey...
Lambic and other barrel-aged beer styles are gaining popularity in the United States and Europe and are often treated as a premium product that can command a premium price. However, these styles can be prone to spoilage during the barrel-aging process, which represents a significant time and product commitment by...
Northern highbush blueberry is a long-lived perennial crop that is well adapted to low soil pH conditions. The plants are often shallow rooted and absorb primarily the ammonium (NH₄) form of nitrogen (N) rather than nitrate-N (NO₃-N). Traditionally, commercial blueberry fields have been irrigated with overhead sprinklers and fertilized using...
Surface and subsurface hydrological parameters affecting overland flow from cultivated land were studied in three small sub-watersheds located in the western foothills of the Willamette Valley. The sub-watersheds, which ranged in size from 0.46 to 6.0-ha, were fall-planted to grass or small grain. The parameters studied were infiltration, rainfall, runoff...
The purpose of this study was to: (a) develop a comprehensive plan consisting of a series of logical steps based upon recommendations derived from psychometric, measurement, and research literature and utilize the plan to develop a Likert-type scale to provide valid and reliable measures of the attitude of preservice and...
Published November 1980. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Firn air transport models are used to interpret measurements of the composition of air in firn and bubbles trapped in ice in order to reconstruct past atmospheric composition. The diffusivity profile in the firn is usually calibrated by comparing modelled and measured concentrations for tracers with known atmospheric history. However,...
Full Text:
diffusivity profile?
C. M. Trudinger1, I. G. Enting2, P. J. Rayner3, D. M. Etheridge1, C. Buizert4,5, M
Firn air transport models are used to interpret measurements of the composition of air in firn and bubbles trapped in ice in order to reconstruct past atmospheric composition. The diffusivity profile in the firn is usually calibrated by comparing modelled and measured concentrations for tracers with known atmospheric history. However,...
Full Text:
the firn diffusivity profile?
Supplementary material
C. M. Trudinger1, I. G. Enting2, P. J. Rayner3, D
Inorganic nitrate (NO₃⁻) and ammonium (NH₄⁺) are the two major components in nitrogen (N) nutrition of typical tissue culture growth media, and the total amounts and ratios influence both shoot induction and differentiation. This study was designed to determine the optimal N requirements and interactions of NH₄⁺×NO₃⁻ to complete the...
New ice core analyses show that the prominent rise in atmospheric methane concentration at Dansgaard-Oeschger event 21 was interrupted by a century-long 20% decline, which was previously unrecognized. The reversal was found in a new ∼100-year resolution study of methane in the GISP2 ice core, encompassing the beginning of D-O...
Air was sampled from the porous firn layer at the NEEM site in Northern Greenland. We use an ensemble of ten reference tracers of known atmospheric history to characterise the transport properties of the site. By analysing uncertainties in both data and the reference gas atmospheric histories, we can objectively...
Full Text:
. M. Trudinger5, E. Witrant6, J. L. Rosen7,
A. J. Orsi4, M. Rubino1,5, D. M. Etheridge1,5, L. P
Understanding the processes that control the terrestrial exchange of carbon is critical for
assessing atmospheric CO₂ budgets. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is taken up by vegetation during
photosynthesis following a pathway that mirrors CO₂ but has a small or nonexistent emission component,
providing a possible tracer for gross primary production. Field...
Full Text:
measurements of
carbonyl sulfide and carbon dioxide
Berkelhammer, M., D. Asaf, C. Still, S. Montzka, D. Noone
The global biogeochemical cycle of methane has received wide attention because of methane's role as a greenhouse gas. Measurements of methane in air trapped in Greenland ice cores provide a high-resolution record of methane levels in the atmosphere over the past ~100 ka, providing clues about what controls the methane...