Index Catalog // ScholarsArchive@OSU

Encouraging beneficial insects in your garden

Creator:: Gredler, Gail, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, and University of Idaho. Cooperative Extension Service
Abstract:: Most insects are not pests. Only those that feed on desirable plants or transmit disease cause problems for gardeners. Many insects are very useful. Some are pollinators of fruits, flowers, and vegetables, while others help control insect pests. There are three types of beneficial insects: predators, pollinators, and parasitoids.
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Fire-resistant plants for home landscapes : selecting plants that may reduce your risk from wildfire

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Detweiler, Amy Jo, Fitzgerald, Stephen Arthur, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: In the Pacific Northwest, fires are a natural part of the changing landscape. As homeowners continue to build in the wildland-urban interface, they must take special precautions to protect their lives, homes, and property.
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Protecting grapevines from winter injury

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Kaiser, Clive, Skinkis, Patricia A., Olmstead, Mercy Anne, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Winegrape production in the Pacific Northwest has expanded into areas where low winter temperatures periodically cause cane damage or death. In the Walla Walla Valley, for example, minimum temperatures plummeted to below -20°F for several days in 1996 and 2004, killing most exposed canes. Cane temperatures most certainly remained below...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Paterson's curse, Echium pantagineum in the Pacific Northwest

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Hulting, Andrew Gerald, Krenz, Jennifer E., Parker, Robert, 1941-, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Paterson’s curse is a member of the borage family (Boraginaceae). It is native to Mediterranean Europe and North Africa but has spread to southern Africa, South and North America, Australia, and New Zealand. Outside of its native habitat, it is an aggressive, drought-tolerant plant that adapts to many soil moisture...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Sweet cherry cultivars for the fresh market

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Long, L. E. (Lynn Edwards), 1953-, Whiting, Matthew, Nunez-Elisea, Roberto, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: In recent years, the number of fresh-market sweet cherry cultivars (varieties) produced in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) has grown from a few, dominated by one (Bing), to a dozen or more. Lapins was among the first new cultivars to gain significance in the mid-1990s, followed by Sweetheart, Chelan, Tieton, and...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Mothballs: proper use and alternative controls for clothes moths

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Stone, David Louis, Stock, Tim, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: In some homes, clothes moths can damage garments and other belongings. There are two common species of clothes moths in the Pacific Northwest: the webbing clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella) and the casemaking clothes moth (Tinea pellionella). The larvae, or immature form, of the moths are responsible for the damage done...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

El control de polillas: las bolas de naftalina y otros métodos

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Stone, David Louis, Stock, Tim, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Las polillas pueden dañar la ropa y otros artículos. Hay dos especies comunes de polillas en el Noroeste del Pacífi co: la polilla tejedora (Tineola bisselliella) y la polilla del estuche, también conocida como polilla capullera (Tinea pellionella). Son las larvas las que hacen daño.
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Wireworm : biology and nonchemical management in potatoes in the Pacific Northwest

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Andrews, N. (Nick), Ambrosino, Mario D., Fisher, Glenn C., Rondon, Silvia I., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Wireworm is the common name for the larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Family Elateridae). The adults do little or no damage, although there are some anecdotal reports that they can damage certain crops (e.g., grapes and stone fruits) by feeding on flowers. However, larval wireworms are among the most destructive...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Acidifying soil for crop production : Inland Pacific Northwest

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Horneck, Donald Arthur, Wysocki, Donald John, 1952-, Hopkins, Bryan G., Hart, John M. (John Mervyn), 1947-, Stevens, Robert G., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: This publication is a technical and practical guide for soil acidification in commercial fields. It explains the soil chemistry involved, how to determine whether pH adjustment is feasible, and methods for acidifying soil. This guide is divided into five sections: • Understanding soil pH • The problem—iron chlorosis • Causes...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Managing salt-affected soils for crop production

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Horneck, Donald Arthur, Ellsworth, Jaon W., Hopkins, Bryan G., Sullivan, Dan M. (Dan Matthew), 1954-, Stevens, Robert G., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Accumulation of excessive salt in irrigated soils can reduce crop yields, reduce the effectiveness of irrigation, ruin soil structure, and affect other soil properties. This publication is designed to help you evaluate the kind and amount of salts present in soils and to select management alternatives. This publication describes the...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Silver scurf management in potatoes

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Hamm, Philip B., Johnson, Dennis A., Miller, Jeff S., Olsen, Nora, Nolte, Phillip, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Silver scurf is caused by a fungus, Helminthosporium solani, a relatively new problem related to potato production in North America. It wasn’t until the early 1990s that this fungus was identified as being a serious problem in the Pacific Northwest. This fungus produces a surface blemish on tubers, causing them...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Managing irrigation water quality for crop production in the Pacific Northwest

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Hopkins, Bryan G., Horneck, Donald Arthur, Stevens, Robert G., Ellsworth, Jason W., Sullivan, Dan M. (Dan Matthew), 1954-, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: This publication focuses on using water analyses to choose appropriate water treatment and water management practices for irrigated agriculture. It will help determine: • What tests are needed to characterize water quality • How to collect water samples • How to interpret analytical data from a laboratory • How to...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Biology and management of the potato tuberworm in the Pacific Northwest

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Rondon, Silvia I., DeBano, Sandra J., Clough, George H., 1945-, Dogramaci, Mahmut, Schreiber, Alan, Jensen, Andrew, Alvarez, Juan M., Thornton, Michael, Barbour, James, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella, is a pest of many solanaceous crops, including potatoes. Commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world, potato tuberworm (PTW) is one of the most important constraints to potato production worldwide. Larvae of this species mine leaves, stems, and petioles and excavate tunnels...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Cuatro pasos sencillos para la poda de cerezos sobre Gisela y otros portainjertos productivos

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Long, L. E. (Lynn Edwards), 1953-, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Published January 2007. Reviewed July 2016. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Four simple steps to pruning cherry trees on Gisela and other productive rootstocks

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Long, L. E. (Lynn Edwards), 1953-, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Tree vigor is important because more leaves mean more carbohydrate production and larger cherries. The production of high-quality cherries requires a gross canopy leaf area-to-fruit ratio of at least 200 cm2 of leaf area per fruit, which roughly translates to five leaves per fruit. Trees with a lower LA:F ratio...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Lingonberry production guide for the Pacific Northwest

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Penhallegon, Ross H., 1951-, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Lingonberries are in the genus Vaccinium and are closely related to highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and cranberries (V. macrocarpum L.). Lingonberries are well suited to cooler climates and can be expected to do well in regions where blueberries and cranberries are productive. Lingonberries are native to Scandinavia, Europe, Alaska,...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Land measurement and survey : an introduction for woodland owners

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Holmberg, Joe, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Generally, surveying means gathering and processing information about the physical earth. It’s the science of determining relative positions of existing points on the earth’s surface or of establishing such points. Methods range from aerial and satellite systems to conventional ground methods. Survey professionals use a variety of methods to produce...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

How to reduce bee poisoning from pesticides [2006]

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Riedl, Helmut W., Johansen, Erik, Brewer, Linda J., Barbour, Jim, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Commercially managed honey bees pollinate a variety of crops in the Pacific Northwest, including tree fruits, berries, cucurbits, and crops grown for seed. This activity is economically significant. In 2004, the value of bee-pollinated crops in the region was approximately $1.7 billion. Nationally, the value of bee-pollinated crops in 2000...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Why did my chickens stop laying?

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Hermes, J. C. (James C.), and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Hens stop laying eggs for a variety of reasons. External or internal stimuli affect hormone levels, which change the condition of the ovary and oviduct, the organs responsible for egg production. The result of these changes is the reduction or cessation of egg production. The most common stimuli that affect...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Monitoring soil nutrients using a management unit approach

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Staben, Mary L., Ellsworth, Jason W., Sullivan, Dan M. (Dan Matthew), 1954-, Horneck, Donald Arthur, Brown, Bradford D., Stevens, Robert G., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: This publication focuses on how to design a soil nutrient monitoring strategy that fits today’s requirements for record keeping and increased accuracy in managing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and other nutrients. We advocate the use of management units or zones for soil testing and nutrient application. To measure a real...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Tree growth, forest management, and their implications for wood quality

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Punches, John, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: This publication provides basic information on tree growth, characteristics that define wood quality, and the implications of common silvicultural (tree tending) activities on wood quality. It is at best a summary—tree growth is an immensely complex process, and not all aspects of wood formation are fully understood. Most of the...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Hiring & working successfully with in-home care providers

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Cleland, Marilyn, Schmall, Vicki L., Bowman, Sally R., 1949-, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Despite the challenges, in-home help may be the best option even for a short time. However, deciding what help you need and selecting a worker is a sizable task that requires careful thought, planning, and research. This publication is a guide through the maze of finding, screening, and hiring an...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Canning seafood [2003]

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Raab, Carolyn A., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Coastal waters, lakes, and streams in the Pacific Northwest provide a variety of seafoods including salmon and many other fish, clams, oysters, shrimp, and crab. You can enjoy these delicacies throughout the year if you preserve them when supplies are abundant. Canning is a popular method for preserving seafood. Products...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Nutrient management for onions in the Pacific Northwest [2001]

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Sullivan, Dan M. (Dan Matthew), 1954-, Brown, B. D., Shock, Clinton C., Horneck, Donald Arthur, Stevens, R. G., Pelter, G. Q., and Feibert, Erik Bruno Goncalves
Abstract:: This nutrient management guide is designed to assist onion growers and crop advisors in producing a high-quality crop while protecting the environment from excess nutrients. Nutrient management strategies recommended here are based on data accumulated over many growing seasons with many different onion varieties in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. This...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Fall and winter vegetable gardening in the Pacific Northwest

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Patterson, Pat, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: With a little extra planning and care, you can enjoy fresh vegetables from your garden most of the year. Many cool-season crops produce well in the fall and, in mild-winter areas of the Pacific Northwest, hold through the winter if protected. You can plant these vegetables in mid- to late...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Avoiding residues in small poultry and game bird flocks

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Hermes, J. C. (James C.), and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: It is imperative that residues of these compounds be eliminated in poultry and eggs or be within the tolerances established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration when your flock is marketed or eggs are sold. Commercial chicken and turkey flocks are tested for...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Making decisions about a nursing home

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Schmall, Vicki L., Bowman, Sally R., 1949-, Pratt, Clara C., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Although there are no easy answers to the nursing home decision, this publication gives some guidelines for making decisions, assessing family and community resources, selecting a quality care facility, and dealing with your feelings and those of your older relative. It also looks at ways to maintain positive contact with...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Taking care of streams in Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Alaska : a developer's guide to riparian areas

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: As a developer in the Pacific Northwest, you have a unique opportunity to help maintain and improve the health of streams and riparian areas. This brochure describes what a riparian area is, why it is important, and what you can do to take care of the land. A healthy riparian...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Taking care of streams in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska : a recreationist's guide to riparian areas

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: A s a recreationist, you have a unique opportunity to help maintain or improve the health of streams and riparian areas. A riparian area is the land adjacent to a stream, lake, or wetland. Healthy riparian areas often have moist, fertile soils that support many types of plants. These plants...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Taking care of streams in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska : a guide to riparian areas in rangelands

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Riparian areas used as livestock pasture need special care to remain healthy and productive. This brochure describes what a riparian area is, why it is important, and what you as a rancher can do to take care of your land. A healthy riparian pasture benefits you, your livestock, wildlife, and...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Taking care of streams in eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and Idaho : a landowner's guide to riparian areas

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: As a landowner in the inland Pacific Northwest, you have a unique opportunity to help maintain or improve the health of streams and riparian areas. A riparian area is the area of land adjacent to a stream, lake, or wetland. Most healthy, natural riparian areas have moist, fertile soils that...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Taking care of streams in western Washington, western Oregon, and coastal Alaska : a landowner's guide to riparian areas

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: A s a landowner in the Pacific Northwest, you have a unique opportunity to help maintain or improve the health of streams and riparian areas. A riparian area is the area of land adjacent to a stream, lake, or wetland. Most healthy, natural riparian areas have moist, fertile soils that...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Keeping track of manure nutrients in dairy pastures

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Downing, Troy (Troy Woerner), and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Keeping track of nutrient levels in dairy pastures has become an important part of farm management plans. The current recommendation is to fertilize pastures at a level to replace, in equal measure, the nutrients removed through grazing or cutting each year. The Confined Animal Feeding Operations Program (CAFO) run by...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Managing light in dairy barns for increased milk production

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Buyserie, Annette C., Dahl, Geoffrey Eliot, Gamroth, Michael J., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Milk production can be increased by managing dairy cows’ exposure to light. Photo period is defined as the duration of light exposure within a 24-hour period. A long-day photo period (LDPP) means exposure to 16–18 hours of continuous light followed by 6–8 hours of continuous darkness. A short-day photoperiod (SDPP)...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Taking care of streams in western Washington, western Oregon, and coastal Alaska : a landowner's guide to riparian areas

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: As a homeowner in the Pacific Northwest, you have a unique opportunity to help maintain or improve the health of streams and riparian areas. A riparian area is the area of land adjacent to a stream, lake, or wetland. Most healthy, natural riparian areas have moist, fertile soils that support...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Taking care of streams in eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and Idaho : a homeowner's guide to riparian areas

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: As a homeowner in the Pacific Northwest, you have a unique opportunity to help maintain or improve the health of streams and riparian areas. A riparian area is the area of land adjacent to a stream, lake, or wetland. Most healthy, natural riparian areas have moist, fertile soils that support...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Scotch broom : biology and management in the Pacific Northwest : Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Hulting, Andrew Gerald, Neff, Karin, Coombs, Eric M., Parker, Robert, 1941-, Miller, Glenn A., Burrill, L. C., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: A bright sign of spring, Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) reminds us of its invasive presence each year as many acres of forests, pastures, and rights-of-way burst into golden bloom. Scotch broom is a native of Europe and North Africa, from Great Britain to the Ural Mountains, and from Sweden to...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Growing Christmas trees in the Pacific Northwest

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Landgren, Chal G., Fletcher, Richard A., Bondi, Michael C., Barney, Danny L., Mahoney, Ronald Lynn, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Christmas trees are an enduring holiday tradition. U.S. producers supply about 35 million trees annually. The past few decades have seen the Pacific Northwest’s rise to prominence as the leading Christmas-tree producing region in the United States. With a combined annual production estimated at more than 11 million trees, Oregon,...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Wild carrot : Daucus carota L.

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Colquhoun, Jed, Fitzsimmons, Jim P., Burrill, L. C., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Wild carrot (Daucus carota), also known as Queen Anne’s lace, was introduced from Europe and is the genetic source of edible carrots. It is a problem in perennial cropping systems such as grass seed production, pasture and hay fields, and Christmas tree production. It is an especially serious threat where...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Cherry training systems : selection and development

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Long, L. E. (Lynn Edwards), 1953-, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: While the objectives of pruning and tree training have changed little over the years, the need for attention to pruning and training has increased dramatically. Pacific Northwest cherry growers now compete in a world market, making fruit size and quality increasingly important. In addition, labor is less available and more...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Helping older family members handle finances

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Schmall, Vicki L., Nay, Tim, Bowman, Sally R., 1949-, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Older people need various degrees of assistance with financial matters. Some need minimal help; for example, help with reading the fine print on bills and financial forms or preparing checks for signature. Others, who are homebound but able to direct their personal finances, may need someone to carry out their...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Enhancing reforestation success in the inland Northwest

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Oester, Paul T., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: This publication highlights hand-scalping, mulch mats, and herbicides as weed management methods to improve conifer seedling survival and growth. The focus here is on grass dominated environments. All these methods are in use on small woodland properties. Other weed control methods, including grazing and manual brush removal, are discussed in...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Aging parents : helping when health fails [2003]

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Schmall, Vicki L., Bowman, Sally R., 1949-, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Adults often find an aging parent needs support at a time when their own lives and responsibilities are the most complicated. You may feel pulled in several directions—raising your children, being supportive to a spouse, helping parents, and/or working outside the home—all at the same time. It’s not unusual to...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Recruiting and supporting Latino volunteers

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Hobbs, Beverly B., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Communities across the United States are becoming more culturally and ethnically diverse. Indeed, demographers predict that by 2030 most of America’s school-age children will be from a minority group and by 2050, so will most Americans. This increasing diversity changes the nature of the population served by volunteer-based organizations, and...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Coping with caregiving : how to manage stress when caring for elderly relatives [2003]

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Schmall, Vicki L., Stiehl, Ruth E., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Family members who play a major role in caring for elderly relatives frequently ignore their own needs. Some find themselves virtually homebound and consumed by caregiving tasks. When caregiving is prolonged over months and years, the self-sacrifice is particularly harmful. We have prepared this publication to help you maintain your...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Domestic rabbits: diseases and parasites [2008]

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Patton, Nephi M., Hagen, K. W., Gorham, J. R., 1922-, Flatt, Ronald E., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Designed to help ranchers recognize common rabbit diseases. Diseases are classified according to major cause-bacterial, viral, nutritional, hereditary, fungal, and miscellaneous (including poisoning, tumors, and vices). For each disease, the symptoms and treatment are described. Provides advice on packing and shipping specimens for laboratory diagnosis as well. Includes black-and-white photographs...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Freezing convenience foods

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Raab, Carolyn A., Oehler, N. (Nellie), McCurdy, Sandra M., Hillers, Val, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Earlier editions of PNW 296 were published under the title Freezing Prepared Foods. This edition was revised by Carolyn Raab, Extension foods and nutrition specialist, and Nellie Oehler, Lane County Extension family and community development educator, both of Oregon State University, in consultation with Val Hillers, Extension food specialist, Washington...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Helping memory-impaired elders : a guide for caregivers [2000]

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Schmall, Vicki L., Bowman, Sally R., 1949-, Cleland, Marilyn, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: This publication is designed to give family and professional caregivers a fuller understanding of dementia in later life and ways to cope more effectively with the changes resulting from it. In addition to general care guidelines, the publication outlines approaches for handling specific problems —driving, wandering, money management, hiding items,...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Fertilizing with biosolids

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Sullivan, Dan M. (Dan Matthew), 1954-, Cogger, Craig George, 1950-, Bary, Andy I., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Biosolids are a by-product of municipal wastewater treatment. They contain organic matter and nutrients that are beneficial for soil, crop, and livestock productivity. Raw sewage solids must be processed to meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards before they can be called biosolids. This publication focuses on how biosolids can...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Depression in later life : recognition and treatment

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, Schmall, Vicki L., Bowman, Sally R., 1949-, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: This publication isdesigned to help you: ❏ Understand depression and factors related to its onset in later life ❏ Recognize signs of depression and potential suicide ❏ Learn about treatments for depression ❏ Know what you can do if you suspect an older family member or friend is depressed or...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Pickling vegetables

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, United States. Department of Agriculture, Raab, Carolyn A., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Pickling is one of the oldest methods of food preservation. The Chinese were fermenting vegetables as early as the third century B.C. By the first century A.D., Romans also were pickling. Pickled products appeared in America, too. The pickle barrel was common during the colonial days. Pickles even became part...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Marketing alternatives for fresh produce

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, United States. Department of Agriculture, Burt, Lawrence A., Kropf, James A., Moulton, Curtis James, 1953-, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Pacific Northwest vegetable and fruit growers always have faced changing markets. To many growers, these changes have seemed faster than usual in recent years, fueled by shifting consumer preferences, increasing production costs, and new market logistics. The number of processing plants in the region continues to decline. Typically, plant closures...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Building an electric antipredator fence [2002]

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, United States. Department of Agriculture, Allen, Nancy, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Two factors have led to curtailment of some lethal methods of combating sheep predators and limit the use of others: changes in public attitudes and more restrictive state and federal regulations. Ranchers now use more nonlethal methods for reducing losses of sheep to predator attack. Electric fence tests in Oregon...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Freezing fruits and vegetables

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, United States. Department of Agriculture, Raab, Carolyn A., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Freezing is one of the simplest and least time consuming methods of food preservation. For best quality, it is important to follow directions carefully. Color, flavor, and nutritive value can be affected by freshness of the produce selected, method of preparation and packaging, and conditions of freezing.
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Farmer-to-consumer marketing no. 5 : personnel management

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, United States. Department of Agriculture, Burt, Lawrence A., Wolfley, Blair F., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Selecting the right people to meet and serve customers is an important decision in establishing and operating a direct farm market outlet. When selecting and training employees, remember that customers expect a cordial atmosphere and friendly service. You want employees who are alert for opportunities to be of service, who...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Farmer-to-consumer marketing no. 4 : place of business and product quality

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, United States. Department of Agriculture, Burt, Lawrence A., Wolfley, Blair F., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Selecting a good location for a direct farm‑to‑consumer enterprise is of primary importance in direct marketing. Although roadside stands, U-pick operations, and farmers markets can and do operate in different locations and settings, certain key factors contribute to a satisfactory direct market location: • Being on a well‑traveled road near...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Farmer-to-consumer marketing no. 3 : merchandising, pricing, and promotional strategies

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, United States. Department of Agriculture, Burt, Lawrence A., Wolfley, Blair F., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: A successful direct farm maketing business requires a knowledge and understanding of effective marketing and management practices. This publication discusses what services and choices to offer customers and how to price and promote items for sale.
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Farmer-to-consumer marketing no. 2 : production and marketing costs

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, United States. Department of Agriculture, Burt, Lawrence A., Wolfley, Blair F., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Strategies for managing production and marketing costs ensure greater profitability and stability, especially for direct marketers who decide to expand and diversify their operations. In developing these strategies, it is important to understand concepts such as fixed and variable costs, depreciation, and interest. These concepts can help you develop budgets...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Farmer-to-consumer marketing no. 1 : an overview

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, United States. Department of Agriculture, Burt, Lawrence A., Wolfley, Blair F., and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: With the renewed interest in direct marketing activity, more and more farmers are asking, Is direct farm‑to‑consumer marketing the answer? This question can best be answered after assessing: • Personal abilities and desire to sell directly to consumers • The farming operation’s compatibility with direct marketing The assessment should also...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Jointed goatgrass

Creator:: Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Extension, United States. Department of Agriculture, Colquhoun, Jed, Fandrich, Lynn, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host.) is a winter annual grass weed that was introduced into the United States in the late 1800s. It is found throughout the continental United States and is most common in the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production areas of the Pacific Northwest and central Great...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Tree protection on construction and development sites : a best management practices guidebook for the Pacific Northwest

Creator:: Ries, Paul D., Godwin, Derek, Foster, Sarah, McNaughton, Micki, Cahill, Maria, Fitzgerald, Toni, Freed, James, Johns, Scott, Mead, Linden, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Oregon. Department of Forestry, Urban and Community Forestry Program (U.S.), Washington (State). Department of Natural Resources, and Washington State University. Extension
Abstract:: This publication is a guide for protecting, conserving, selecting, maintaining, removing, and replacing trees on development sites in the Pacific Northwest. The guidebook is designed to assist people who work with trees during the development and construction phases of both new and existing projects to keep healthy trees a part...
Resource Type:: Technical Report

Rattail fescue : biology and management in Pacific Northwest wheat cropping systems : Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. var. hirsuta (Hack.) Aschers. & Graebn.

Creator:: Ball, Daniel A. (Daniel Allen), 1954-, Hulting, Andrew Gerald, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Cooperative Extension System, United States. Department of Agriculture, and Pacific Northwest Cooperative Extension
Abstract:: Published October 2009. Reviewed December 2013. Please check for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
Resource Type:: Technical Report

4-H driving manual

Creator:: Thiel, Erika, Lundeberg, Roberta, Mobley, Connie, Ashford, Peggy, Squier, Rennie, Newman, Jerry A., Leach, Jennifer Edith, Pehling, Pat, Stark, Carrie, Oregon State University. Extension Service, Washington State University. Extension, University of Idaho. Cooperative Extension System, and Pacific Northwest 4-H Driving Publication Committee
Abstract:: Use this 4-H Driving Manual as you learn how to train your animal, fit the harness properly, and drive your animal safely. The manual outlines one of several accepted ways of training.
Resource Type:: Learning Object

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