Benthic foraminiferal δ¹³C data from site 502 in the Caribbean Sea (sill depth 1800 m) indicate that throughout the past 2.6 m.y., glacial δ¹³C values in the middepth Atlantic were higher during glaciations than interglaciations. This is interpreted as indicating a greater proportion of Upper North Atlantic Deep Water (UNADW)...
To learn the effect of wind on a species native to a windy site, I compared germination, seedling survival, seedling form, and the force required to uproot seedlings in a wind-exposed and a wind-sheltered site. In February 1992, the sand dune perennial Lupinus arboreus Sims. was planted in wind-exposed and...
Data from an array of bottom pressure gauges and a string of current meters in the vicinity of 47°N,
139°W, are used to examine the deep-ocean variability forced by ocean surface wind stress curl from
August 1987 to June 1988. Bottom geostrophic currents are computed from the pressure gauge array,...
Velocity time series are used to study cross-shelf circulation on the northern California shelf and to examine classical ideas of locally wind-forced cross-shelf circulation. A simple linear two-dimensional model of cross-shelf transport is compared to estimates of cross-shelf transport in the near surface, interior, and near bottom. In winter, when...
This study examined the juvenile marine science collections of ten public libraries on the Oregon coast to assess if they adequately provided children with good science books about their backyards. While most of the libraries demonstrate a strong commitment to children's services, none has evaluated their juvenile collections beyond monitoring...
An analysis of variational data assimilation schemes for linear dynamical forecast models shows that the penalty functional must include an explicit contribution from the initial conditions in order to ensure a unique, low-noise forecast. The noise level is related to the effective number of data being assimilated.
Alongshore-separated time series of natural swash motions were obtained over a range of environmental conditions using a video technique. Although the frequency spectra and normalized wavenumber spectra for these motions were particularly bland, wavenumber-frequency spectra of these data showed clear partitions of infragravity band energy levels associated with various wave...
The wave-induced velocity field in the nearshore is composed of contributions from incident wind waves (f > 0.05 Hz), surface infragravity waves (f < 0.05 Hz, lkl < (σ²/gβ) and shear waves (f < 0.05 Hz, lkl > σ²/gβ), where ƒ is the frequency, σ = 2πf, k is the...
This article is based on a total of 353 observations, many of which were systematic censuses.
At West Beaver Pond, Llewellyn made 225 observations of waterbirds during 1982-June 1993. He noted a total of 19 taxa; 53% were seen in five or more of the 10 years with many observations....
In 1984-1986, Bayer made 171 and 67 waterbird censuses at West Pond and East Pond, respectively. From 1974 through June 1992, Bayer and others also made an additional 138 and 110 observations at West Pond and East Pond, respectively. A total of 48 waterbird taxa were reported at West Pond,...
This article is based on a total of 204 observations, many of which were censuses.
Between Siletz River Mile (RM) 50.0 and 50.6, Llewellyn made 151 observations of waterbirds during 1981-1993. He noted a total of 12 species; most were seen during several years. Hooded and Common mergansers and American...
The applicability of anhydrous milkfat fractions in edible films and coatings was determined through moisture barrier, penetrometer, and stress-relaxation testing. Industrial milkfat fractions were compared along with tripalmitin:anhydrous milkfat blends which simulated milkfat fractions having different melting points. The water vapor permeability (WVP) was determined gravimetrically using a modified ASTM...
Excised stem segments of vines had higher specific hydraulic conductivies (flow rate per pressure gradient per stem transverse area) than did trees during the dry season in a deciduous forest in Jalisco, Mexico. Vine species averaged from 2.7 to 203 x 10-3 m2 MPa-1 s-1 and tree species from 0.8...
Observations during the Coastal Transition Zone (CTZ) experiment in summer 1988 reveal the
presence of deep phytoplankton layers in a coastal upwelling system. The layers occur throughout the
CTZ study area, including a strong baroclinic jet which was present over the period of the experiment.
On the basis of a...
John H. Wampole's list of the birds of the Coos Bay area from 1958-59 is one of few such compilations from that region, and the only reasonably accessible one from its era except for Giesler (1952), which covered only the Cape Arago region. Wampole's list has been circulating informally as...
This study addresses the relationship between thermal microfronts and coherent vortex structures in homogeneous turbulence. The turbulence is created by mean shear in a weakly stratified flow. The data set is generated by direct numerical simulation providing highly resolved instantaneous three‐dimensional fields of fluctuating velocity and temperature (1603 data points...
In a companion paper (Egbert et al., this issue) we describe the estimation of very long period (0.16 < T < 91 days) magnetotelluric (MT) impedances from 11 years of data collected at the Tucson geomagnetic observatory. Here we discuss the implications of these data for mantle conductivity. Using minimum...
Eleven years (1932-1942) of electric potential and magnetic measurement at the Tucson observatory
represent a unique very long period magnetotelluric (MT) data set. We report here on a careful reanalysis of this
data using modern processing techniques. We have developed and used novel methods for separating out the
quasi-periodic daily...
Air passing upward through the tropical tropopause is “marked” by an annually varying water vapor mixing ratio much as a tape recorder marks a magnetic tape; as the air ascends in the tropical stratosphere, these marks are effaced by a combination of vertical diffusion within the tropics and dilution of...
A method for predicting oceanic productivity from remotely sensed diffuse attenuation (488 nm) and
surface chlorophyll concentration is presented. The method uses a climatological approach which consists
of applying a set of regressions for each region and season to yield the depth of the chlorophyll maximum,
the exponential slope of...
Six 40-year-old red alders (Alnus rubra Bong.) were harvested from a mixed stand of A. rubra and big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum Pursh) in the Oregon Coast Range to evaluate variation in their wood characteristics at two heights. Because the trees had a slight lean (4 to 14°), we sampled along...
The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), an instrument on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), measures water vapor in the upper troposphere, with best sensitivity at the standard UARS level at 215 hPa. In this paper, we analyze the MLS observations with a view to characterizing the temporal and zonal variations...
The path of the Antarctic Polar Front (PF) is mapped using satellite sea surface temperature data from the NOAA/NASA Pathfinder program. The mean path and variability of the PF are strongly influenced by bathymetry. Meandering intensity is weaker where the bathymetry is steeply sloped and increases in areas where the...
We have used the vanadium concentration in cleaned foraminiferal calcite as a tracer
of seawater V changes in the past. Since the benthic flux of vanadium is sensitive to the redox potential
of sediments, changes in the vanadium concentration of seawater should be a reflection of
changes that control the...
A statistically consistent and physically realistic approach for validating vector magnitude measurements is developed, based on a model for random measurement noise that explicitly satisfies a nonnegativity constraint for all “noisy” vector magnitude measurements. Numerical and analytic approximations are used to quantify the nonlinear functional dependence of sample conditional means...
Vacuum ultraviolet reflectivity measurements of three thin-film electroluminescent phosphors, zinc sulfide (ZnS), strontium sulfide (SrS), and strontium-calcium thiogallate (Sr₀.₄₅Ca₀.₅₅Ga₂S₄), are reported using thin-film samples. Measured ZnS reflectivity peak positions are in agreement with values previously reported in the literature. SrS room temperature reflectivity measurements are found to be consistent with...
Sixty-day simulations of flow on the Oregon continental shelf are performed using the Blumberg and Mellor sigma coordinate, primitive equation model. The model is two-dimensional (an across-shelf section) with high spatial resolution and realistic shelf topography. Forcing consists of surface heat flux, either hourly or low-pass filtered wind stress, and...
Time-dependent upwelling on the Oregon continental shelf is studied with a two-dimensional approximation, that is, spatial variations across-shelf and with depth, using the Blumberg–Mellor, finite-difference, stratified, primitive equation model. The time-dependent response of a coastal ocean at rest to constant, upwelling favorable, wind stress is examined. Topography and stratification representative...
In flight through a wave cloud during SUCCESS on 2 May 1996, simultaneous forward- and aft- facing NOy inlets were used to infer the amount of condensed-phase NOy present on ice particles that were up to a few minutes old. Condensed-phased amounts were 25-75 pptv, or 10-20% of gas-phase NOy....
A variety of macromolecules labeled with FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate), including
carbohydrates (dextran) and proteins (ferritin, casein, albumin, concavalin A), spanning a range of
molecular weights from 55 to 2000 kD, were actively ingested by marine heterotrophic flagellates at
substrate concentrations of 1 to 10 mg/L. The uptake capacity for the...
Relative humidity (RH) measurements acquired in orographic wave cloud and cirrus environments are used to investigate the temperature‐dependent RH required to nucleate ice crystals in the upper troposphere, RHnuc(T). High ice‐supersaturations in clear air—conducive to the maintenance of aircraft contrails yet below RHnuc and therefore insufficient for cirrus formation—are not...
The response of the upper ocean to westerly wind forcing in the western equatorial Pacific was modeled by means of large-eddy simulation for the purpose of comparison with concurrent microstructure observations. The model was initialized using currents and hydrography measured during the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) and forced using...
A strong, isolated October storm generated 0.35–0.7 m s⁻¹ inertial frequency currents in the 40-m deep mixed layer of a 300 km×300 km region of the northeast Pacific Ocean. The authors describe the evolution of these currents and the background flow in which they evolve for nearly a month following...
Zonal and meridional Seasoar sections centered at 1°50’S, 156°06’E were repeated >30 times in three 20-day periods between November 13, 1992, and February 15, 1993. Both sections were 130 km long, and sampling depth was 0–280 m, with a vertical resolution of ~2 dbar (2 x 104 Pa) and a...
Flux estimates show that upward mixing of the deep-water nitrate pool accounts for more than 85% of the total new nitrogen input to the euphotic zone of Crater Lake. Because measured primary productivity (360 mg C m-2 d-1) is 10–30 times higher than a level supported solely by the input...
Eight spontaneous orocutaneous papillomas of adult, wild-caught brown bullheads Ictalurus
nebulosus and 4 anatomically matching control tissue samples were examined by electron
microscopy. Ultrastructural characteristics of normal and neoplastic Malpighian epithelial cells were
compared and neoplastic cells were described. Normal Malpighian epithelial cells of brown bullheads
were similar to those...
The distributed-microstructure model for the flow of single phase
fluid in a partially fissured composite medium due to Douglas-Peszyńska-Showalter [12] is extended to a quasi-linear version. This model contains the
geometry of the local cells distributed throughout the medium, the flux exchange
across their intricate interface with the imbedded fissure...
Cell lines were established from spleen and heart tissues of a juvenile white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus and designated WSS-2 and WSH-1, respectively. Isoenzyme analyses of both lines confirmed their host of origin. Both lines were hypotetraploid and possessed micro- and macrochromosomes. The modal chromosome number for the WSS-2 line was...
A 38-day, 5990-cast microstructure study on the equator performed
during the onset of the 1991-1993 El Nino shows the effect on small-scale activity
at 140°W of an equatorial Kelvin wave. By using two ships, data were taken
continuously from November 4 to December 12, 1991, near the National Oceanic
and...
Although the process of restratification of the ocean surface layer at the equator following nighttime convection is similar in many ways to the process at midlatitudes, there are important differences. A composite day calculated from 15 days of consistent conditions at 140°W on the equator was compared with midlatitude observations...
In the low Richardson number shear flow above the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent, a single vertical microstructure profile intersected the overturning crest of a packet of high horizontal wavenumber waves. The observed dissipation rates within the overturning wave were so high that if they were representative of the volume-averaged rate, the...
High correlations between turbulent dissipation rates and high-wavenumber internal waves and the high values of turbulent dissipation associated with internal wave activity suggest that internal waves are the main direct source of mixing in the thermocline above the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent. An extensive dataset obtained using a microstructure...
The high decay resistance of western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn) is due to the presence of toxic extractives, called tropolones, in the heartwood. Therefore, tropolone content may be used as an indicator of decay resistance. With increment core-sized samples of western redcedar heartwood, we used gas chromatography to measure tropolone...
The lower stratospheric variability of equatorial water vapor, measured by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), follows an annual cycle modulated by the quasi-biennial oscillation. At levels higher in the stratosphere, water vapor measurements exhibit a semiannual oscillatory signal with the largest amplitudes at 2.2 and 1 hPa. Zonal-mean cross sections...
A series of observing system simulation experiments (OSSE) is performed on a simulated data
set which was designed to mimic the wind-forced response of the tropical Pacific ocean. This
data set was constructed by adding random perturbations to the FSU monthly mean pseudostress
anomaly data. These perturbed pseudostress anomaly fields...
A nested, nondivergent barotropic numerical weather prediction model for forecasting tropical cyclone motion out to 48 h is initialized at time t = 0 by assimilating data from the preceding 24 h. The assimilation scheme finds the generalized inverse of the model and data for −24 ≤ t ≤ 0....
The potential role of the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. In nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics of the euphotic zone of the North Pacific subtropical gyre was investigated as one component of the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program. Experiments were conducted with natural samples collected at Stn ALOHA (22° 45’ N, 158°...
Longitudinal growth strains develop in woody tissues during cell-wall formation. This study compares stems, which have a mechanical role and experience longitudinal stresses, and nonstructural roots, which have little mechanical role and experience few or no longitudinal stresses, to test the hypothesis that growth strains are produced in stems of...