Climate variability and change are considerably important for a wide range of human activities and natural ecosystems. Climate science has made major advances during the last two decades, yet climate information is neither routinely useful for nor used in planning. What is needed is a mechanism, a national climate service...
Prediction of colloid transport in the subsurface is relevant to researchers in a variety of fields such as contaminant transport, wastewater treatment, and bioremediation. Investigations have traditionally relied on column studies whereby mechanistic inferences must be drawn on the basis of colloid behavior at the outlet. Over the past decade,...
A new approach to monitoring surface waters using distributed fiber optic temperature sensing is presented, allowing resolutions of temperature of 0.01°C every meter along a fiber optic cable of up to 10,000 m in length. We illustrate the potential of this approach by quantifying both stream temperature dynamics and groundwater...
Instruments for distributed fiber-optic measurement of temperature are now available with temperature resolution of 0.01°C and spatial resolution of 1 m with temporal resolution of fractions of a minute along standard fiber-optic cables used for communication with lengths of up to 30,000 m. We discuss the spectrum of fiber-optic tools...
Records of 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) are examined here using multiple linear regression against reference time series of temperature and precipitation. This method permits 1) an examination of the separate roles of temperature and precipitation in determining the trends in SWE; 2) an estimation of the sensitivity of...
Requirements are growing for peer review of the science used for governmental management decisions. This is particularly true for fisheries science, where management decisions are often controversial. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service instituted the Center for Independent Experts (CIE) in 1998 as a national peer-review...
The interannual and intraseasonal variability of the North American monsoon is of great interest because a large proportion of the annual precipitation for Arizona and New Mexico arrives during the summer monsoon. Forty-one years of daily monsoon season precipitation data for Arizona and New Mexico were studied using wavelet analysis....
The subtidal salt balance and the mechanisms driving the downgradient salt flux in the Hudson River estuary are investigated using measurements from a cross-channel mooring array of current meters, temperature and conductivity sensors, and cross-channel and along-estuary shipboard surveys obtained during the spring of 2002. Steady (subtidal) vertical shear dispersion,...
Commercially managed honey bees pollinate a variety of crops in the Pacific Northwest, including tree fruits, berries, cucurbits, and crops grown for seed. This activity is economically significant. In 2004, the value of bee-pollinated crops in the region was approximately $1.7 billion. Nationally, the value of bee-pollinated crops in 2000...
Food business entrepreneurs who want to sell new products on retailer shelves need more than a unique product, great packaging, and luck. Successfully selling a product requires money, contacts, distribution, a marketing plan, and aggressive selling. While many food manufacturers handle their own sales, others have discovered that food brokers...
Grocery retailing is a big business that impacts every American. Retailers at the end of the food distribution channel greatly influence the food manufacturers at its beginning. Grocery retailers often are the only face that consumers see in the food distribution channel; thus, they are the most powerful gatekeepers between...
Creating a new food product is exciting; selling it is challenging. The thrill of creating a new product often subsides once the task of developing sales becomes the priority. Sales can be one of the most arduous and emotional aspects of starting a new food company. Many new manufacturers hit...
The food distribution system in the U.S. is complex. Many players—including middlemen—produce, manufacture, transport, distribute, market, and sell every type of food product imaginable. By the time a product is placed on a grocery store shelf, it has traveled countless miles and has been handled by many people. Each person...
Lithospheric cracking by remotely applied stresses or thermoelastic stresses has been suggested to be the mechanism responsible for the formation of intraplate volcanic ridges in the Pacific that clearly do not form above fixed hot spots. As part of the Gravity Lineations Intraplate Melting Petrology and Seismic Expedition (GLIMPSE) project...
Data from three micronetworks with eddy correlation data and three additional micronetworks without eddy correlation data are analyzed to study the spatial variability of surface air temperature in complex terrain. A simple similarity relationship is constructed to relate the spatial variation of air temperature along the slope to the thermal...
The Arctic Ocean is an important link in the global hydrological cycle, storing freshwater and releasing it to the North Atlantic Ocean in a variable fashion as pack ice and freshened seawater. An unknown fraction of this return flow passes through Nares Strait between northern Canada and Greenland. Surveys of...
The stability of a time-periodic baroclinic wave-mean oscillation in a high-dimensional two-layer quasigeostrophic spectral model is examined by computing a full set of time-dependent normal modes (Floquet vectors) for the oscillation. The model has 72 × 62 horizontal resolution and there are 8928 Floquet vectors in the complete set. The...
Recommendations in this fertilizer guide apply to tillage fallow-winter wheat and chemical fallow-winter wheat cropping systems. This guide is one of a set of publications that address the nutritional requirements of nonirrigated cereal crops in north-central and eastern Oregon.
Recommendations for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, chloride, and zinc are covered...
Recommendations in this guide apply tocontinuously cropped cereals in low-
precipitation zones. This guide is one of a set of publications that address the nutritional requirements of nonirrigated cereal crops in north-central and eastern Oregon. Recommendations for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, chloride, and zinc are covered in this guide. Soils...
Obedience and showmanship contests provide an opportunity for you to demonstrate how well you’ve trained your dog and how you and your dog work as a team.
This publication is for people involved in the important task of rehabilitating and restoring Oregon’s threatened or degraded habitats. Growing numbers of private landowners, local organizations, and government entities are embarking on projects to restore the health or function of their riparian areas, wetlands, prairies, savannas, and other habitats. Choosing...
Commercial blueberry production in Oregon is dominated by the northern highbush type, although rabbiteye blueberries are produced on limited acreage.
This publication addresses nutrient management of northern highbush blueberries in western Oregon. Where data are available to support management differences by blueberry type, this information is provided. The following questions...
Armyworms are the larvae (caterpillars) of the moth Pseudaletia unipuncta Haworth. This insect is a serious pest of turf, forage, and seed grasses; small grains; and corn throughout North America. Armyworms can cause sudden, extensive damage to these grasses and grasslike plants. Note that the armyworm does not feed on...
A sheep enterprise can be ranch size or it can fit into a few acres. It can be a full-time occupation, but it also is well suited for diversified and
part-time farmers, or it can be expertly handled by the spouse or younger members of the farm family. Sheep are...
The use of management units for soil testing and nutrient application is an
effective strategy to increase accuracy in monitoring and managing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and other nutrients. A management unit can be a group of fields, a single field, or an area within a field. To measure changes...
The origin of high hole conduction in BaCuQF (Q=S,Se) was investigated by photoemission
measurements and full-potential linearized augmented plane wave band-structure calculations. In
both compounds, the large dispersion near the top of the valence band is realized by admixed states
of Cu 3d and S 3p or Se 4p orbitals,...
A novel analytical method was developed that permitted real-time, noninvasive measurements of microbial growth and associated changes in hydrodynamic properties in porous media under unsaturated flowing conditions. Salicylate-induced, lux gene-based bioluminescence was used to quantify the temporal and spatial development of colonization over a 7-day time course. Water contents were...
We compared brood sizes among adult female Euphausia pacifica Hansen, 1911 from 3
populations in the North Pacific: Puget Sound, Washington, USA; Toyama Bay, Japan; and the Oregon coast, USA. Additionally, we used multiple linear regression models to compare the interspecific brood size as a function of female length and...
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) production was examined in axenic batch cultures of five coastal diatom species. For Chaetoceros decipiens, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) accumulated beginning in late exponential growth as a result of increased cell density. For Cylindrotheca closterium, DOC actually decreased in late exponential growth and reached zero by...
Plant growth stages are identified as distinct morphological landmarks in a continuous developmental process. The terms
describing these developmental stages record the morphological appearance of the plant at a specific point in its life cycle. The
widely differing morphology of plant species consequently gave rise to heterogeneous vocabularies describing growth...
Una de las herramientas más eficaces utilizadas por el Malheur Experiment Station durante las últimas dos décadas es el sensor matricial granular (o GMS por sus siglas en inglés), el cual mide la humedad del suelo. El sensor tiene sólo 7,5 cm de largo, y normalmente se entierra verticalmente en...
In the late 1980s, the U.S. Pacific Northwest potato industry faced a crisis. Potato tuber quality was inadequate to meet the needs of potato processing companies due to a condition called “sugar ends” or “dark ends” in fried tuber
slices. This defect was common in tubers grown on stressed Russet...
The goal of this study was to describe the duration and magnitude of the physiological stress response in lingcod Ophiodon elongatus after exposure to brief handling and sublethal air stressors. The response to these stressors was determined during a 24‐h recovery period by measuring concentrations of plasma cortisol, lactate, glucose,...
Fishes with closed swim bladders regulate buoyancy during depth changes by secreting and
resorbing swim bladder gases. Forced ascent during fishery capture results in barotrauma caused by rapid expansion and exsolution of gases from body fluids. Pressure changes in hyperbaric chambers were used to examine changes in swim bladder integrity...
In Sierra Nevada forests, shrubs are considered strong soil moisture competitors with regenerating trees, reducing seedling establishment, and
slowing growth. Recent studies, however, suggest that in some circumstances shrubs can facilitate tree establishment and growth by modifying
harsh microclimate conditions; increasing acquisition of water, carbon, and/or nutrients via shared mycorrhizal...
We examined the spatial distribution of crime incidents on USDA Forest Service lands using a geographic
information system and several spatial analysis techniques. Our primary objective was to examine
whether patterns existed in the spatial distribution of crime and to explore the relationship of patterns
to other geographic features using...
Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus, formerly Rubus discolor and Rubus procerus) is a European shrub that was introduced in the United States as a crop in the late 19th century. It escaped cultivation and has since invaded a variety of sites, including low-elevation streamside areas throughout the Pacific Northwest. Listed as...
This is an integrated assessment across terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal marine realms. It includes the coast range of Oregon and Washington as well as Vancouver Island in British Columbia. The marine portion only includes the coastline and shallow subtidal; the next iteration will include the offshore component.
Western United States forest wildfire activity is widely thought to have increased in recent decades,
yet neither the extent of recent changes nor the degree to which climate may be driving regional
changes in wildfire has been systematically documented. Much of the public and scientific
discussion of changes in western...
Western United States forest wildfire activity is widely thought to have increased in recent decades, yet neither the extent of recent changes nor the degree to which climate may be driving regional changes in wildfire has been systematically documented. Much of the public and scientific discussion of changes in western...
The species composition, distribution and concentration of ichthyoplankton off the central Oregon coast in the NE Pacific Ocean were examined during 2000 and 2002 to investigate annual, seasonal, vertical, and cross-shelf variability. Larval concentrations were also analyzed in relation to water temperature and salinity. The 281 samples collected from 5...
Donato et al. (Brevia, 20 January 2006, p. 352) concluded that logging after wildfire kills natural
regeneration and increases fire risk. We argue that their paper lacks adequate context and
supporting information to be clearly interpreted by scientists, resource managers, policy-makers,
and the public.
This document partially addresses the Wetlands component of Island County’s Critical Areas Ordinance (CAO). It presents the results of a year-long collaborative project to compile, analyze, and summarize existing data pertinent to Island County wetlands. Similar in concept to the “report card” issued periodically for Puget Sound, this compilation attempts...
The value of Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) measurements of 10-m ocean vector winds for marine weather prediction is investigated from two Northern Hemisphere case studies. The first of these focuses on an intense cyclone with hurricane-force winds that occurred over the extratropical western North Pacific on 10 January 2005. The second...
Observations of air and ground temperatures collected between 1993 and 2004 from Emigrant Pass Geothermal Climate Observatory in northwestern Utah are analyzed to understand the relationship between these two quantities. The influence of surface air temperature (SAT), incident solar radiation, and snow cover on surface ground temperature (SGT) variations are...
Published August 2006. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
In the Pacific Northwest, fires are a natural part of the changing landscape. As homeowners continue to build in the wildland-urban interface, they must take special precautions to protect their lives, homes, and property.
The co-existence of hunger and obesity continues to garner media, research, and advocacy attention. Oregon State University Extension Service examined the
research to provide an overview of this seeming paradox—how can a person be hungry and obese?
‘Sacajawea’ (OSU 540.130) was developed and evaluated at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, and was released in February 2006. Compared to ‘Barcelona,’ ‘Sacajawea’ is a slightly smaller tree but has a higher yield efficiency, a higher percent kernel, fewer kernel defects, and smaller nuts. Nuts mature and fall free of...
Gravid adult female Euphausia pacifica were collected off Newport, Oregon, USA and transferred to the laboratory, where females spawned eggs, eggs hatched, and larvae were reared at 10.5 degrees C. We fed 4 cohorts of larvae to excess with a combination of phytoplankton species and monitored them daily until they...
Many studies have shown that dairies consistently overfeed nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). This practice is expensive and potentially damaging to the environment and to animal health. This publication suggests ways to improve feed management and thus avoid overfeeding P and K. Proper ration balancing is good...
Soil respiration is a major pathway for carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems yet little is known about its response to natural and
anthropogenic disturbances. This study examined soil respiration response to prescribed burning and thinning treatments in an old-growth, mixed-conifer
forest on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains....
The Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences, Inc. (CUAHSI) began the Hydrologic Measurement Facility (HMF) program in June 2005 to advance hydrologic measurement capability within the research community. To provide guidance for this effort, a recent survey assessed the level of need among the hydrological sciences community...
An integrated analysis of turbulence observations from four unique instrument platforms obtained over
the Hawaiian Ridge leads to an assessment of the vertical, cross-ridge, and along-ridge structure of turbulence
dissipation rate and diffusivity. The diffusivity near the seafloor was, on average, 15 times that in the
midwater column. At 1000-m...
The ability of six climate models to capture the observed coupling between SST and surface wind stress in the vicinity of strong midlatitude SST fronts is analyzed. The analysis emphasizes air–sea interactions associated with ocean meanders in the eastward extensions of major western boundary current systems such as the Gulf...
Full-depth velocity and density profiles taken along the 3000-m isobath characterize the semidiurnal
internal tide and bottom-intensified turbulence along the Hawaiian Ridge. Observations reveal baroclinic
energy fluxes of 21 ± 5 kW m⁻¹ radiating from French Frigate Shoals, 17 ± 2.5 kW m⁻¹ from Kauai
Channel west of Oahu, and...
The generalized inverse of a regional model is used to estimate barotropic tidal dissipation along the Hawaiian Ridge. The model, based on the linear shallow-water equations, incorporates parameterizations for the dissipation of energy via friction in the bottom boundary layer and form drag due to internal waves generated at topographic...
Tidal mixing over a slope was explored using moored time series observations on Kaena Ridge extending northwest from Oahu, Hawaii, during the Survey component of the Hawaii Ocean Mixing Experiment (HOME). A mooring was instrumented to sample the velocity and density field of the lower 500 m of the water...