This work details the development of 3D printed TPU pneunet actuators for use in apple picking for agricultural soft robotics. These actuators increase the force capabilities of soft pneunets and simplify manufacturing. Grippers based on these actuators are ideal for apple picking because they are compliant, yet exert sufficient force...
To detail common paths followed by companies to produce innovative products, I reviewed existing literature and conducted several semi-structured interviews with a variety of people from different companies and fields. Based on this research, I found that most (but not all) innovative products follow a few general paths. These paths...
People are increasingly staring at device screens which emit predominantly blue light. Because LED technology is relatively new, we do not know what effects blue light has on our long-term health. Blue light exposure leads to a dramatic decrease in longevity in Drosophila, thus this study aims to explore possible...
In current prosthetic practices, the design process heavily relies on the prosthetist’s expertise and the limited methods to quantify design choices. This thesis investigates the lower-limb prosthetic fitting process and the importance of the socket design. Previous research has taken local stiffness of the limb to provide prosthetists with more...
Deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems remain a frontier in marine science. Essential to their role in the ocean ecosystem are endosymbiotic bacteria which support larger megafauna, including the widespread symbiont-bearing Vesicomyid clams. The diversity and characteristics of these symbionts in these clams is only just beginning to be understood with technological advances...
The last two years of the Covid-19 pandemic have brought significant changes to global and American societies, as well as to our healthcare system. Millions of Americans were laid off and left without insurance, some areas of medicine suffered financial catastrophe with a fall in patient volumes, others were victims...
The objectification of women is a scourge of society, related to a host of negative mental and physical health implications for women. Objectification is largely influenced by the types of clothing worn. How much is objectification modified by contextual features (e.g., the situations the clothes are worn in)? In two...
Applied problems are a necessity for a well-rounded and rigorous education in mathematics. This thesis summarizes the literature about student engagement with applied problems in order to develop a set of criteria for what makes an engaging and meaningful applied mathematics problem. Based on a review of the literature, this...
The High Altitude Liquid Engine (HALE) team is developing of a 2000 lbf thrust liquid propellant engine for a flight vehicle capable of breaching the Karman Line (100 km in altitude). As part the development of this flight vehicle, this research focuses on the design and characterization of a novel...
Emotional intelligence is the ability of an individual to recognize, utilize, and regulate emotions, which are likely relevant to the perception of emotions in humans as well as in animals. The perception of emotions in companion animals enables an individual to improve the intensity of the bond between a human...
In real life, reputation and community can shape a person’s identity, actions, and fate. The goal of this thesis is to explore those connections through the lens of a fantasy universe where humans and fictional gods clash and coexist. These gods are not all-knowing and powerful, but fallible individuals who...
The symbiotic sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana (Aiptasia) is a model organism used to better understand cnidarian-algal symbiosis and coral bleaching (dysbiosis). Many biological processes are hypothesized to be involved in coral dysbiosis, and the innate immunity is a key area of interest. Rab proteins are small proteins with GTPase domains,...
Rear brake calipers are a critical component of the brake system within a vehicle. Brake calipers function by clamping against the brake rotor when the brake pedal is pressed by the driver and thus results in deceleration of the vehicle. This thesis aims to design and develop custom rear brake...
To understand human social environments and interaction, it is often necessary to examine them in creative and metaphorical terms. In this thesis, a model of chemical interaction, atomic and molecular bonding, and the role of electrons, nuclei, and other chemical principles are used to describe the social environment of human...
Bird and bat collisions with wind turbines are a problem that needs to be better quantified for its impact to be fully understood. This thesis documents portions of the design of a sensor patch module for use on wind turbines blades to detect impacts caused by birds and bats. This...
Exemplar-based style transfer techniques reimagine the content of a target image in the style of an exemplar image. Style transfer techniques that make use of patch-based synthesis copy sections of the exemplar to corresponding regions of the target, creating a new image in a patchwork manner. The artistic control one...
This paper provides a literature review in order to capture the state of the Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) market, incorporating the most recent research from 2020 and 2021. SPACs are an alternative way to take a company public. Rather than going through the traditional IPO process to access public...
Pseudomonas fluorescens NZI7 was first isolated from a New Zealand mushroom farm in 2001. This Gram-negative bacteria can cause brown blotch disease in the basidiomycete mushroom Agaricus bisporus. P. fluorescens NZI7 can also repel grazing by the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a natural predator of P. fluorescens NZI7. Potentially implicated in...
There are over two million pet rabbits in the United States. Many rabbits are obtained as adults from pet stores and humane societies. Pet rabbit owners may elect to perform ovariohysterectomy (spay) surgeries on female rabbits to prevent unwanted pregnancies as well as to eliminate the possibility of reproductive disorders...
At the start of the public’s use of the internet in 1983, whatever news made it online was expected to be open and free of charge. However, the idea that news should always be accessible online changed as newspapers moved most of their content online and needed online subscriptions to...
With the various options available when it comes to online clothing subscription services, there are many attributes that affect an individual's decision to purchase a product or service over another. This results in ultimately affecting the consumers’ preference and willingness to pay for a product and/or service. This paper provides...
The online computer science classroom is growing, but there is little research on how to teach inclusive design online. As a result, online CS students are graduating without learning how to avoid bias in their software designs. Through the lens of the Inclusive Design Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), this thesis...
In the face of limited resources, how should those resources be allocated? The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the difficulty of allocating a limited number of vaccines. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued standard guidelines based on ethical principles, yet all 50 states in the United States (US) interpreted...
Flax fibers are frequently used as a sustainable and recyclable reinforcement for composite materials in aesthetic applications (ex. car interiors). Flax fibers are biodegradable and can be sustainably harvested. Furthermore, the question of how to dispose of flax reinforced materials after the end of their lifetime can be solved in...
This thesis follows two studies performed with simple robots. The first follows a robot interacting with eight improvisers to create scenes and perform five isolated gestures (towards, away, sideways, spin, and circle) for interpretation. The second follows a group of three robots performing the same five isolated gestures at two...
There has been a growing focus within the physics education field on researching the determinants to student success in college physics. Numerous investigations have examined the relationship between initial mathematical competency and student performance in college physics and have found considerable positive correlations. We contribute to this existing research on...
Five varieties of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) were grown in the field in Imperial Valley, CA, USA in order to determine whether light conditions or harvest times influence cannabinoid content. A total of 16 cannabinoids were investigated in this study: Delta-9-tetrahydrocannibinol (THC-d9), Delta-9-tetrahydrocannibinolic acid (THC-a), Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabidiolic acid (CBD-a),...
Traditional braced frames are an efficient and economic means of resisting seismic demands. However, braced frames are prone to story mechanisms, which can result in concentrations of demands and damage during seismic events. Including steel strongbacks in conjunction with traditional braced frames can mitigate story mechanisms. The SBF results in...
Child abuse and neglect are significant issues facing our communities today that can lead to devastating consequences. Multiple risk factors can lead to instances of child maltreatment, including those related to the parents or guardians, the child, and the situational circumstances of families. In order to prevent child maltreatment, effective...
Rhizome is an information-centric model that uses different interaction methods than traditional desktop systems. I built Rhizome with the specific use case of sharing a photo to observe people using the Rhizome operating system (OS) shell and modern OS shells. The purpose of this is to measure the cognitive load...
Beginning in 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic contributed to an increase in housing insecurity among college students. As awareness around homelessness has increased, so has research aimed at better understanding the causes of homelessness and housing insecurity among college students, as well as opportunities to better support economic access to higher...
Locating sources of radio signals can be useful in many applications. From pointing antennas at nearby radio towers to fox hunting, being able to determine the relative location or direction to a radio transmitter can be very useful. Generally, it is necessary to have the current GPS locations of both...
As human-robot interaction becomes more commonplace, roboticists should understand how robot behaviors are perceived by people to avoid misunderstandings. In our lab, we are exploring the use of a Cozmo as an interactive, break-taking aid in workplace settings. Before our interactive aid can be released into the wild, we must...
Previous investigations of glacier dynamics at Tioga Pass during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) have produced different conclusions. A map of the LGM ice extent and flow direction (Alpha et al., 1987) illustrates a south-to-north direction of ice flow across the pass with little evidence to support this inference. Since...
The safety of the chemical glyphosate, the active ingredient in the herbicide RoundUpTM, has been questioned on numerous occasions. Previous studies suggest that glyphosate-containing herbicides have deleterious effects on a variety of organisms; other studies suggest that these effects may be minor, transient, or non-existent altogether. Proper maintenance of microbial...
The scientific method applies hypothesis testing to material samples through experimentation, measurement, and data analysis, which produce representations—or features—that describe phenomena of interest. Biomolecular features come in numerous forms such as values, matrices, graphs, three-dimensional structures, trajectories, and molecular surfaces. Researchers have tested thousands of features related to protein molecules...
Distance estimation is a key process for movement and spatial cognition. However, this process is hindered when navigating virtual environments in virtual reality (VR) due to the movement being exclusively visually simulated. In order to contribute to the understanding of how this hinderance effects our ability to estimate distances in...
This literature review aims to discuss the safety and use of cannabidiol (CBD) products for dogs and cats. The most prominent issue with CBD products for pets is the limited amount of resources and information available to the veterinary community. Another consideration for the control of CBD on the market...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive molecular subtype of malignant cells that tends to proliferate quickly and is commonly resistant to traditional chemotherapy leading to relapses in prognosis more frequently than other forms of breast cancer (BCa) [1][2][3]. Current treatment options include surgical resection of cancerous tissue and...
Throughout the course of fashion, much inspiration has been sourced by designers from ethnic cultures. Chinese fashion specifically has been referenced and reinterpreted by Western creatives for many years, either by incorporating elements of traditional garments or presenting them in an inappropriate manner. Such activities have garnered accusations of cultural...
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. While 90% of lung cancer is due to tobacco smoking, the next major risk factor is pre-existing disease. Cardiovascular disease is reported in 23% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer. A systematic review was conducted to...
There is increased emphasis on understanding cumulative risk from the combined effects of chemical and non-chemical stressors as it relates to public health. Recent animal studies have identified pulmonary inflammation as a possible modifier and risk factor for chemical toxicity in the lung after exposure to inhaled pollutants; however, little...
As the link between human microbiomes and health has become more established, the interest in applying statistical approaches to microbiome data to understand the mechanisms behind these links has grown. However, microbiome data is often of unmanageable size, and consequently, producing quality lower dimensional representations of samples is a significant...
Learning assistant (LA) programs are gaining increasing popularity as a means to shift instructional practice in STEM classrooms. In these programs, trained undergraduate students join the instructional team and support student-centered active learning pedagogies. Their professional development is typically supported through a seminar. In facilitating small group collaborative learning, LAs...
M. abscessus subsp. abscessus is a nontuberculous mycobacterium causing pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients. The treatment of MAB infections is challenging due to its natural resistance to most antibiotics. To identify MAB genetic factors that are involved in mechanisms of the antibiotic tolerance, we screened the library of 2,000 gene...
The COVID-19 pandemic has shed a light on the need for people to trust in medical science. With the need for 70% of Americans to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity but 30% have reported vaccine hesitancy, now more than ever do we need to redouble our efforts to ensure...
The fashion industry is becoming increasingly unsustainable. Overconsumption of clothing, exacerbated by fast fashion, is worsening the environmental impact of both the production and disposal of clothing. Clothing reuse, particularly thrifting, is gaining popularity, yet most donated clothes still never get sold. I have developed a plan for a small...
The purpose of this study was to examine how fearful and self-conscious shyness subtypes are related to shame, dissociation, and PTSD following traumatic experiences. We hypothesized self-conscious shyness, characterized by feelings of embarrassment and fear of public scrutiny, to be related to symptoms of high betrayal. We predicted fearful shyness,...
Looking to the natural world for insight into medical innovations is currently understudied and possibly underappreciated in the field of medicine. Natural environmental adaptations seen in wild animals can provide both inspiration and scientific realization for the future of human medicine. As humanity faces a global organ shortage crisis, research...
We take for granted how quickly we, as humans, form mental models of the world around us. By the time we are toddlers, we have an observable intuition around the physical rules of the world. Stacking blocks such that they don’t fall over becomes such a trivial task, that it...
As access to potable water grows scarce, there is an increasing reliance on alternative drinking water sources, namely groundwater (WHO, 2018). Chlorinated solvents, such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) and 1,2-cis-Dichloroethene (cisDCE) are some of the most ubiquitous groundwater contaminants spread throughout the US. 1,4-dioxane (1,4D) was used primarily in the late...
Student parents are a growing population within college and university campuses. Though their numbers continue to grow, there is no proportionate growth in resources from the universities that are available to them. Issues like this and others that student parents face due to their unique identity were amplified in the...
Suicide has become a national health crisis over the last twenty years in the U.S as rates have increased 35%. Rates of suicide among rural and youth (10-24 age range) populations have been shown to disproportionately contribute the most to upwards trends though, and this is especially true in Klamath...
Dry-hopping has grown from a novel to widespread technique in commercial craft beer production. It yields large returns in aroma that cannot be emulated with kettle hopping. However, it also leads to beer refermentation post-dry-hopping, a phenomenon colloquially referred to by U.S brewers as “hop creep.” This is a result...
The local presence or absence of individual botanical species can be predicted with high accuracy by a simple feed-forward neural network, using only local climate data to make inference. This study proposes a framework for learning these predictive models, demonstrates highly accurate predictions for species with a sufficiently large area...
Climate change is a pertinent issue causing an increase in the quantity and severity of wildfires. Current market solutions to protect homes from wildfires are expensive and do not always guarantee the safety of the home. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) is a cross-linked polymer that can absorb over 100x its weight...
How can healthcare providers, particularly pharmacists, help palliative care patients cope with the inevitability of death? This thesis reviewed how spirituality and religious beliefs can be utilized as key coping strategies for many patients and their loved ones regarding various stressors associated with facing mortality in palliative care. In the...
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition that impairs insulin stimulated glucose absorption in skeletal muscle, a characteristic phenomenon denoted as insulin resistance. Lipid overload of the mitochondria is linked to the development of insulin resistance and the progression of Type 2 Diabetes. As lipids accumulate there is...
Between Oregon State University and DHBW Ravensberg, Global Formula Racing produces two Formula style vehicles every year for competition. This thesis has served as a pre-development project in the ergonomics and driver interface of the team's vehicles. This project will determine the position of the seat back, steering wheel, and...
As fifth generation telecommunications equipment becomes more viable and reliable, demand for high-speed, low-latency, viewpoint specific data analysis is expected to dramatically increase. Systems such as self-driving cars, traffic cameras, warehouses and other commercial buildings will be using fifth generation telecommunications to form ‘smart cities’, driving demand for the edge....
The way that an individual defines and understands the term “disability” has the potential to affect how they view and interact with people with disabilities. Previous research suggests that classroom interventions and frequent interactions with people who have disabilities can be effective in promoting the social model of disability and...
In this paper, I examine the relationship between CEO childhood socioeconomic status and the adjustments made to company policies throughout the pandemic. My hypothesis is that the CEOs who come from a low income socioeconomic status will enact less labor friendly policies as a result of their formation of occupational...
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a primary malignant bone tumor sarcoma that occurs in dogs as well as people and has aggressive biologic behavior with devastating consequences. Because of the similarities in morphology and prognosis, OSA in dogs represents an effective model for the equivalent disease in humans. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)...
Food webs are extraordinarily complex, containing myriad direct interactions and indirect effects. Determining how this network of interactions and effects influences a food web’s qualitative dynamics is a challenging task, especially because data on food web structure and individual interaction strengths is unknown in virtually all real-world ecosystems. The goal...
Immunosuppression during the periparturient period leads to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in beef cows. Newborn calves rely on passive transfer of antibodies from their mothers at birth for protection against diseases in the first two months of age. It is unknown if supranutritional Se supplementation of cows during pregnancy...
Turbulent flows with suspended, non-spherical particles are common in many natural and industrial processes. To identify the effects of anisotropic geometry on particle dynamics, a one-way coupled Lagrangian direct numerical simulation solver was written, verified, and used to collect data on particles simulated in multiple flows. This thesis explains the...
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic disorder caused by the inactivation of the
merlin tumor suppressor gene. NF2 patients develop bilateral vestibular schwannomas
(VS) and other nervous system tumors with no effective drug treatment option. In
pathological conditions, including NF2, production of the oxidant peroxynitrite leads to
protein tyrosine...
Knowledge of the pore solution composition and pore solution resistivity can be helpful for determining the durability of concrete structures. Most notably, pore solution resistivity can be used in the calculation of the formation factor of concrete, which is a ratio of the electrical resistivities of concrete and its pore...
The purpose of this thesis is to examine gender and historical bias in wind band music and related practices in the Pacific Northwest. This research was conducted via an IRB approved research study, Equity and Gender Bias in High School Music Programming in the Pacific Northwest: A Case Study, which...
Arsenic in its inorganic form is naturally present in groundwater. Continued exposure to arsenic contaminated water can result in long lasting health complications, ranging from cognitive development issues to cancer. One method which may be convertible to a field test is the use of PEG functionalized gold nanoparticles which aggregate...
Christian communities vary widely in their degrees of acceptability or apprehensiveness toward newly developing technologies, ultimately aiming to help individuals optimally grow in their relationships to God and with others. Technologies viewed as conducive to accomplishing these goals are more likely to be accepted by Christian communities. Technologies viewed as...
The national average life expectancy for houseless individuals in the United States is forty seven years, which is thirty years lower than the overall average. I argue that this disproportionately short life expectancy of the houseless is reflective of significant health inequities in the United States that disproportionately impact the...
This study seeks to examine the participation and representation of stakeholders involved in the Southern Resident Killer Whale Task Force during their first year, culminating in the publishing of their Year One Report and Recommendations for actions with the goal of moving the Southern Resident killer whales toward recovery. This...
Polyfunctional thiols are sulfur containing compounds that are important to the flavor and aroma profile of some foods and beverages. S. Cerevisiae has been shown in wine yeast that it is capable of producing these thiols to create a fruity aroma and flavor profile. IRC7, a gene that codes the...
Local economic development can help lessen the impact of large-scale shocks on small communities as it provides them with resilient systems that do not require as much support from global supply chains. In smaller communities, shared governance, interactive and adaptive planning, and evidence-based policymaking strategies can facilitate resilient systems. The...
In the wake of climate change, the risk of heat related illnesses has continuously increased over the past several decades. While thermal management solutions have continued to improve, there is a need for efficient cooling systems that conform with the human body. This study combines the solutions from fractal-like flow...
This thesis seeks to explain a new method of extracting temporal logic formulas from time series data using machine learning. Two strategies were followed during the development of this research: first, a generative adversarial network was combined with already-existing temporal logic extraction code by Belta. This was achieved by injecting...
Aging and excessive weight appear to be problematic to lateral balance related to falls. Strong frontal plane hip muscle strength is needed to stabilize the hip statically during single leg stance or dynamically during lateral stepping; however, the length of single leg stance time and maximum hip abduction angle during...
Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have recently gained attention to classify associated hand movement. This is particularly useful for amputees with prostatic hands or people who are unable to move their hands voluntarily. Among the decoding algorithms used to classify hand movements are support vector machines and multilayer perceptron networks. In this...
According to a 2017 Pew Research Study, 44% of adults in America say that they do not feel informed enough about science to understand news and new discoveries discussed on the media (Funk et al. 2019). This is concerning, because adults are not just passive consumers of media; among other...
This project aims to challenge traditional beliefs about the emotional and psychological meanings of colors, which are often limited in the Western world. The psychology of color is heavily present in nearly every aspect of our lives, and this continual reinforcement of each color’s assigned meaning ignores and discourages the...
Climate change is occurring at an increasingly rapid rate, with impacts heightened in the cold regions of the world including the Arctic. Warming effects are widespread, with one impacted process – freeze-thaw cycles – increasing in frequency and potentially triggering additional changes in permafrost soils that have previously acted as...
This project examines the portrayal of the life and times of Kaiserin Elisabeth von Österreich (Empress Elisabeth of Austria) in the popular Austrian musical "Elisabeth das Musical" (Elisabeth the Musical), written by Michael Kunze and Sylvester Levay. "Elisabeth" was first performed in Vienna in 1992 and has since become the...
This study investigates the occurrence of beaver (Castor canadensis) in lentic habitat (lakes and ponds) near Mount St. Helens in Washington, 40 years after the 1980 eruption. At the coarse spatial scale, I surveyed lakes for sign of beaver establishment (lodge or den) across multiple volcanic disturbance zones. At a...
The canine estrous cycle is unique compared to other domestic animal species. During estrus, serum progesterone concentrations ([P4]) rise two days prior to ovulation. In fact, the luteinization of pre-ovulatory follicles resulting in this initial increase in [P4] (1.5-2.5 ng/ml) cannot be temporally dissociated from the onset of the surge...
Sociality relies upon mechanisms that permit group living through a balance of costs and benefits. However, it is not fully known how specific social contexts influence behavioral and physiological outcomes, and more broadly, how responses to social situations contribute to social organization. A recent experiment investigating the relationship between social...
Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) is a genetic tumor disorder caused by mutations that inactivate the gene coding for the Merlin tumor suppressor. Patients with NF2 develop multiple tumors throughout the nervous system, mainly schwannomas, for which there is no cure or effective treatment. In NF2, redox signaling and oxidative stress...
Expensive pricing for laboratory bioreactors proves to be the main barrier-to-entry for lab-scale academic research. Most laboratory bioreactors are priced at $100K+ and require significant training to use, thereby limiting their accessibility. The IDEAL (Intuitive, Developmental And Research Oriented, Easy To Use, Affordable, And Low Volume) Bioreactor aims to solve...
Being human is often portrayed as desirable in fiction. Many fictional beings, particularly robots and androids, seek out being human as a goal. Although current robotics is not advanced enough for robots and androids to be deemed sentient, the world of fiction is quickly becoming reality. With the integration of...
The ring disclination is a topological defect that may be suitable for light polarization inside of a nematic liquid crystal. Due to its stability and chirality, the ring disclination could also allow for theoretical applications to quantum and classical field theories as a model for fundamental particles. In order to...
Due to the advancement of incredibly low power microcontrollers and small form factor integrated circuits, energy harvesting can be considered as an alternative, low power source for remote ocean sensing and measurements. To demonstrate the effectiveness of harvesting thermoelectric energy contained in the temperature differential between ocean surface water and...
Recently, there has been an expansion of large-scale studies looking at strain variation of Brettanomyces. These studies have found variation between strains in terms of utilization of maltose and production of volatile phenols. While there is research going into this subject, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the differences...
Graphics of hair have been constantly improved since Kajiya’s famous teddy bear in 1989. By combining these concepts and real-world physics laws, I created a realistic representation of hair on a sphere-shaped head. OpenGL also provides a constantly updated display to continuously render the graphic. Using springs, the hair can...
Multi-party computation (MPC) is a field of study focused on devising cryptographic protocols that allow participants to learn the output of some function of their private inputs without trusting a third party to perform the computation. This is usually done at a large scale between data centers, with little emphasis...
This ethnomusicological study has examined the forces that have globalized the Andean instrument of the quena and the genre of Andean music as a whole. This thesis specifically addresses the cultural, and socio-political factors over the last century that has led to the quena being circulated across the globe. Much...
The aerospace industry uses chemical kinetic models when designing propulsion systems to acquire specific details about the rate of chemical reactions, heat release, and combustion stability. These models, however, are too large and stiff to be useful as they can take weeks to run computations on. The pyMARS python package...
The United States depends on the electrical grid infrastructure for nearly every facet of its operation. Understanding how inclement weather affects the reliability of the grid and what the U.S. is doing to ensure its resiliency will be a key step moving forward into the 21st century as global climate...
With robots becoming increasingly commonplace in today’s society, we need to find ways to help robots to become better accepted. One common method used to gain acceptance and build rapport is through the use of humor. Currently, research in robot comedy exists, albeit it is fairly limited. Our goal with...
Accurate estimation of the amount of water used by trees is important for a variety of agricultural applications. There are several current methodologies for measuring sap flow and water use in trees, however the heat ratio method has been identified as the ideal due to its ability to measure low...
The clean cookstove sector has long sought the tools and analysis methods needed to accurately quantify social, environmental, and economic impacts of projects in diverse settings. To respond to this need, Climate Solutions Consulting and Oregon State University have developed a novel integrated suite of sensors to collect fuel usage...