Land management agencies are faced with decreasing budgets and staff, even as acres in need of restoration treatment are increasing. Rural communities in the West are still suffering from sharp declines in timber harvests since the 1990s and are now contending with wildfires that are increasing in size and severity....
The High Plains Aquifer, a natural resource critical to the United States economic, energy and food security, faces significant sustainability challenges in the coming years. This case study aims to identify the main causes and consequences of unsustainable use of the High Plains Aquifer. The agriculture industry plays the largest...
Pacific salmon are an integral part of ecosystems, industry, culture, and food source. Rapid declines and extirpation in many populations and species have caught the interest of environmentalists, scientists, recreational anglers, commercial fishers, general public, and economists. Billions of dollars have been spent to restore, return, improve, sustain dwindling populations...
In 2014, the Washington State Legislature directed the creation of the Fish Barrier Removal Board (FBRB), a multi-entity committee tasked with the development of a statewide strategy for removing anadromous fish barriers. The strategy shall identify watersheds with the greatest potential for salmon and steelhead recovery and implement the removal...
Today, there are six extant species of sea lion around the world, with the seventh (the Japanese sea lion) already having gone extinct due to a lack of proper conservation management. Because each of the surviving 6 sea lion species differ slightly in their anatomy, behavior, reproduction, and local habitats,...
Agriculture Resource Management Plans (ARMPs) are the primary programmatic-level planning document for the management of tribal rangelands in North America. This project compares a standard ARMP product with a prototype ARMP developed through a Structured Decision Making (SDM) approach for the Navajo Partitioned Lands. The SDM approach provided increased transparency...
Floodplains are a significant and increasingly threatened ecosystem. As restoration projects are implemented more frequently in degraded floodplains, novel methods are emerging with a focus on restoring critical processes in which vegetation plays a key role. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: 1) to develop expectations for vegetation response,...
Groundwater overdraft in the Wilcox Groundwater Basin, as a consequence of increasing rates of agricultural groundwater withdrawal, has led to significant regional groundwater level decline and threatens to undermine the basin’s long-term water resource security. Updated characterization of the basin’s water resource conditions and agricultural water demand is critically important...
Wastewater treatment plants around the world are becoming increasingly at risk of sea level rise impacts as these facilities are typically located in low-lying areas to utilize gravity flow for influent (incoming sewage) and effluent (discharged treated sewage). As these risks become realized, treatment plant managers and decision-makers must know...
The City of Wilsonville, Oregon (City) located between Portland and Salem on Interstate-5 was historically a small farming community that has grown into a thriving city. The development required to meet the population growth and diverse industries of the area has led to increased development and urbanization. These changes in...
As urban populations increase, the presence of well-maintained trees provide a cost-effective solution to combat the effects of climate change, specifically the urban heat island effect. Unfortunately, the associated ecological, social and economic benefits of trees are not distributed equitably in the landscape due to lingering effects of redlining policies....
Hatchery O. mykiss that fail to emigrate to the ocean, referred to as residuals, present an ecological and genetic risk to naturally-produced species through resource competition, predation, and spawning interactions. The Lower Snake River Compensation Plan’s Wallowa stock steelhead program in northeast Oregon has established methods of reducing and quantifying...
This capstone project explores the efficacy of Geography Information Systems (GIS) to promote scientific literacy in secondary science classrooms and students’ preference of GIS when learning scientific literacy skills. For the scope of this project, secondary science classrooms are defined as grades 6-12 and scientific literacy is defined as 1)...
Stream restoration efforts have increasingly started to focus on management actions that restore ecological function rather than focusing on species-specific habitat needs. Restoration practitioners in the Pacific Northwest have implemented numerous large-scale floodplain restoration projects to restore stream function at the valley scale. Some of these projects attempt to restore...
Native, wild bee populations play an important functional role in terrestrial ecosystems through pollination services. In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the importance of bumble bee species and their contribution to the agricultural economy, in large part because of the widespread losses of populations across landscapes, both...
The Vermillion Basin, located in southwest Wyoming is an inhospitable, high altitude desert with unique biota and environmental conditions. The area has a long history of usages by humans including recreation, livestock grazing and mineral development. The natural gas industry has had a strong presence in the area since the...
REDD+ is a heavily promoted mechanism to mitigate climate change through the carbon market worldwide, however, initial projects presented challenges related to effectiveness, efficiency, and equity (3E criteria) during implementation. In Peru, it has been promoted since 2008 due to high deforestation rates in the tropical forest, with 30 ongoing...
The Peruvian cocoa sector has been growing quickly since the beginning of this century due to international demand for this commodity together with concentrated international cooperation, including NGOs and governmental agencies. Similarly, certification among cocoa producers has been growing quickly. Little is known regarding how certification impacts environmental and socioeconomic...
Forest management planning is critical for the sustainability of natural systems on a site. Managing public ground is a complicated process, and usually involves many stakeholders with a variety of opinions. One such public property is the Evitts Creek Water Company (ECWC) property, owned by the city of Cumberland, Maryland....
Large, alluvial rivers are naturally diverse, both in structural complexity and as drivers of landscape dynamics. Floodplains provide a mosaic of habitat types for aquatic, semi-aquatic, and terrestrial organisms and act as the framework for vital chemical processes to occur. In large part, this variety is due to the ability...
This paper identifies 51 best practices of interpretive programming in relation to the topic of climate change and applies those practices to interpretive programs delivered by Natural Lands, a Pennsylvania environmental non-profit organization, and specifically at the Glades Wildlife Refuge, one of Natural Lands’ nature preserves. The best practices are...
Understanding the causal links between riparian forests, streams, and salmonids is important to help understand the likely effects of forest management practices. Previous studies have identified three major causal pathways (Instream Cover, Light, and Hydrology) through which riparian forests influence streams, and ultimately stream fishes. To evaluate the potential importance...
The growing urban development and the inadequate installation of settlements has caused environmental challenges such as landscape destruction, loss of urban tree biodiversity, therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the ecosystem services of urban trees in the 'Monumental Zone' of the city of Iquitos, in the Peruvian...
This capstone study reports on global warming-induced changes to the Colorado subalpine zone climate and disturbance regimes. It assesses the impacts of these changes upon the dominant subalpine tree species and summarizes future species distribution modeling for these and other nearby species potentially suitable for the future subalpine zone in...
Oregon possesses a diversity of natural resources from the dense rain-soaked forests of the Coastal and Cascade ranges to the deep, fertile soils of the Willamette Valley to the arid and semi-arid Snake River Basin. In the Willamette Valley, water resources sustain agriculture, municipalities, hydropower, fish and wildlife, flood control,...
Wilderness character monitoring (WCM) is an interagency strategy created in 2008 in collaboration between the four federal land management agencies that manage designated wilderness (Forest Service, National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service and Bureau of Land Management) and other contributors (Landres et al. 2008a). The reports created from this...
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have an extensive history of harvest in the United States. The Pacific Northwest is well-reputed as a major source of floral greens for international markets. One NTFP in particular, beargrass (Xerophyllum tenax), has been repeatedly identified as a prominent, high-value species in the floral greens industry...
North American beavers (Castor canadensis) are ecological engineers that improve biodiversity and can improve the health of riparian ecosystems. Beavers are generalist herbivores with some evidence of species preference, utilizing woody material for both food source and dam construction. In the South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, Charleston, Oregon, a...
North American beavers (Castor canadensis) are ecological engineers that improve biodiversity and can improve the health of riparian ecosystems. Beavers are generalist herbivores with some evidence of species preference, utilizing woody material for both food source and dam construction. In the South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, Charleston, Oregon, a...
Ensuring sustainable development is a growing societal concern, providing rationale to examine the current role and efforts towards implementing sustainable building initiatives within the United States. Sustainable building initiatives refer to the design, operation, and maintenance of a building while considering its conservation efforts and pollution reduction performance. These initiatives...
To meet the challenges of climate change and make progress on lagging large-scale sustainability and watershed goals requires an integrated social-ecological approach to natural resource planning on the ground-level. This case study of a small equestrian farm in the Chesapeake Bay watershed incorporates theory with practice, by adding interviews focused...
Conservation banking is a market-based instrument and conservation tool designed to provide compensatory mitigation for impacts to endangered species. These banks provide both ecological and economic benefits, however their ability to continue providing these benefits is threatened by climate change. The motivational factors behind the decisions to establish a conservation...
The Pisgah and Nantahala National Forests (PNNF) are located in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. A center of biological diversity, they are also within a few hours’ drive of much of the population of the United States. Therefore, there are many desires and objectives the public has for how these national...
Recreational fisheries regulations at the state level along the US Atlantic coast are constantly changing to ensure the sustainability of marine fish populations. It is hypothesized that effective management of recreational fishing effort should have a positive impact on fish stocks. Using recreational catch per unit effort (CPUE) as a...
The woodlands of New York City's Central Park have seen varying levels of management and neglect since the creation of the park over 150 years ago. The Central Park Conservancy has aimed to restore, enhance, and elevate the stewardship of the park, including its woodlands and other Natural Areas, since...
Gray wolves (Canis lupus) are the most socially polarizing species listed under the Endangered Species Act. Wildlife management practices at local, state, and federal levels include lethal control to resolve stakeholder and wolf conflicts as a last resort. There is little experimental evidence that lethal control is effective in this...
Vietnam is considered one of the most climate change-vulnerable countries due to its high dependence on agriculture and its coastal location. Increased atmospheric temperatures caused by climate change also significantly threaten one of Vietnam's most important cash crops, robusta coffee (Coffea canephora). Suitable cultivation sites of robusta, which comprises 97%...
The boreal forest zone is located in the cool, high latitudes of the earth and represents approximately one third of the world’s remaining forested area. Maintaining the functional capacity of boreal forests is of global importance as they will both affect and be affected by climate change. Boreal forests can...
Gray wolves are essential keystone species that regulate a biological ecosystem. (Estes, Terborgh, Brashares, Power, Berger, Bond and Wardle, 2011) There are many reasons why maintaining a healthy population of keystone species in the wild is essential. Gray wolves: 1) Are family pack animals that work together as a team,...
We used occupancy modeling to compare the detection probabilities of white-headed woodpeckers using transect call-point versus ARU surveys. We then used the estimated detection probability for each survey method to evaluate the number of surveys needed to infer white-headed woodpeckers absence under different levels of certainty.
Wetlands are productive ecosystems providing many ecosystem services. Many regulatory agencies recognize the need to protect and preserve wetlands. However, some impacts may be unavoidable. Under those circumstances, compensatory wetland mitigation may be necessary to offset adverse impacts to wetlands. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the New York...
This is a comparative analysis of groundwater conflict and surface water conflict in Idaho from 1950-2019. The work looks at Idaho's exceptional experience with water and demonstrates that water conflict in Idaho is different than in other PNW states. The work outlines that Idaho's water conflict is almost solely focused...
Founded in 1933, the Civilian Conservation Corps served as a tool for exposing young adults to work in the environmental field. By creating opportunities during the Great Depression, this program not only generated short-term work experience for its members but provided educational resources to its participants, increasing their employability after...
This project is intended to study the effectiveness of manmade vernal pools for creating habitat value, particularly within an urban setting. Natural vernal pool habitats are under threat across the United States as filling and development activities have led to permanent loss of habitat. Mitigation requirements or other restoration/creation activities...
This paper examines ways in which natural resource management – NRM – may be decolonized in order to better serve Hawaiʻi communities. Expressed needs for diversity in NRM has brought about inclusion of traditional ecological knowledge in recent years. Here, traditional ecological knowledge is redefined as ʻIK, ʻike kupuna –...
Interior least tern (Sternula antillarum athalassos) populations and productivity have been declining in Indiana for the past ten years, which is thought to be the result of predation. Methods for protecting nesting Interior least terns include fence exclosures and artificial shelters for chicks, but their effectiveness is unknown. Each Indiana...
Growing concern regarding the health effects of PFAS exposure through drinking water remains an issue at the forefront of many regulatory hurdles. Current data suggests that PFAS can be the cause of many negative health effects including changes in birth weight, thyroid disease, decreased fertility, and some forms of cancer....
Aniba rosaeodora commonly known as rosewood is a tree species of great socio-economic value in the Amazon because it is harvested for the extraction of its essential oil, which is used in the production of cosmetics. Since rosewood is a wild species included on the Convention on International Trade in...
The rapid accumulation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste caused by disposable plastic water bottle use is a worldwide problem that will continue to affect our environment, economy and society unless new methods of reduction and degradation are explored. The large amounts of energy and resources that are required during...
This paper aims to increase the knowledge on establishment practices for four fast-growing species (Guazuma crinita Mart., Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla, Bixa orellana L., Psidium guajava L.) in areas degraded by gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon. The study was carried out in Madre de Dios region, located in...
The study collected data using ARCGIS Field Maps from a field survey of plants at six (6) sites in Fairfield County, CT. The sites included three (3) urban and three (3) suburban locations. A primary goal of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the extent of...
The relationship between fire and wildlife habitat is complex. Fires can create favorable conditions for some species and simultaneously extirpate entire populations of other species. Red-tailed hawks choose nesting habitats according to resources available. Natural disturbances such as wildfires change the availability of those resources. In late 2018, the Woolsey...
Potential water scarcity and drought conditions are predicted in and around Eugene, Oregon due to decreased snowpack and subsequent decreased snowmelt in the Western Cascade Mountains. This phenomenon was triggered by a long-term trend of warmer winters scientifically linked to global climate change patterns (Dalton et al. 2013). Numerous stakeholders,...
The purpose of this capstone is to provide a reassessment of the emergence of biophilia in interpretive programs conducted in California State Parks. More specifically, this project examines what effect natural resource interpretive programming has on the emergence of biophilia practices and if participants are more likely to be more...
This report seeks to evaluate the potential water quality and habitat impacts to the Santa Ana River due to people experiencing homelessness living on or near the river's banks. Recommendations are provided to address the issue of homelessness in the Santa Ana River.
As of September 2020, three of the outputs mandated under the Streamflow Restoration Act have been completed. However, little has been done to assess the quality of these plans. By using the Characteristics of Plan Quality That Serve as Evaluation Criteria to evaluate the plans completed so far, this research...
Many pollinators across the globe are experiencing population threats and declines (Potts et al. 2010). Approximately 85 percent of the world’s flowering plants depend on animals, mostly insects, for pollination (Ollerton et al. 2011). As over 80 percent of the United States population lives in cities (U.S. Census Bureau 2016),...
Towns in the U.S. west are increasing in population and becoming more desirable places to live. This increase in population and tourism has led to increased pressure on public lands. State trust land is a unique land type amongst the matrix of public lands in Montana. It has a mandate...
There is a growing body of research that describes the benefits of place-based environmental education (EE) within the schools, including improved competencies, better interpersonal skills, decreased gaps in social divides, increased pupil engagement in learning, increased community awareness, and increased environmental stewardship. Though the benefits are many, few schools utilize...
The practice of modern silviculture on U.S. public lands has been stymied by a legacy of litigation and policy changes since the late 20th century. Forestry in the 1980s was focused on physical science strategies and failed to consider the social complexities of multi-use forest management. Emblematic of the challenges...
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is one of the strongest pieces of legislation enacted for the protection of imperiled species in the United States but has often spurred controversy among resource users for its emphasis on species protection and recovery above all other resource uses. In recent years, the Section...
Over the last 150 years, Oregon white oak habitat in the Willamette Valley has been converted to support grass crops, orchards and vineyards, cities, and conifer forests, nearly extirpating it from the Willamette Valley. Yet Oregon white oak offers many ecosystem services to the Willamette Valley and its residents. Recent...
Wildlife behavior is a common research topic in conservation studies; however, the relationship between wildlife behavior and human disturbance, specifically in protected areas, is seldom studied. Previous studies have identified relationships between various different types of behaviors of both humans and wildlife, indicating correlations between avoidance behaviors, habituation, and physiological...
The black-footed ferret is a meso-predator within the Great Plains region of North America. Before the 1900s, black-footed ferret populations were self-sustaining in large ecological patches throughout the geographical range of the Great Plains. During the 1900s, various factors such as the systematic extermination of prairie dogs (the primary food...
The purpose of this study was to determine the significant
variables influencing the damage levels sustained by the residual
stand after skyline thinning of coniferous stands. Damage levels were
measured in ten study areas in western Oregon that had received their
first commercial thinning.
For this post-logging study, 38 units...
This capstone project is expected to be published by United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services (USDA APHIS WS) as part of a technical series guide available to the public through the website (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/wildlifedamage/sa_reports/ct_wildlife+damage+management+technical+series). USDA APHIS WS is responsible for mitigating human-wildlife conflict and...
Washington State fisheries and Washington State Treaty Tribes are becoming increasingly restricted in harvest of wild salmon due to US Endangered Species Act listings of salmon species, marine mammal predation by both ESA listed Southern Resident Killer Whale (SRKW) and US Marine Mammal Protection Act protected pinnipeds, salmon habitat destruction,...
River ecosystems throughout the arid southwestern U.S. are imperiled. Water management infrastructure, climate change, unsustainable water use, and political conflict harm the region's aquatic and riparian ecosystems. This case study surveys one such desert river, an endemic fish species, and conservation efforts in southwestern Utah. The analysis focuses on the...
The research was conducted in the Fundo Almendra, property of the National University of the Peruvian Amazon (UNAP). The objective was to analyze the gross forest loss in the period 2001-2021 in Fundo Almendra, the relationship between forest loss and local surface temperature, and the role of local communities’ demographics...
Greenway trails have become a popular way to connect communities, increase public health and provide ecosystem services. Urban forests provide similar and overlapping benefits as greenways but are often unknown and underfunded. Integrating urban forest management with greenway management could be a way to create synergistic benefits for the community....
In the last couple years cloud services have become mainstream and easily accessible for organizations to purchase and utilize. GeoPost is a variant on that by introducing GIS to it cloud services for installation management. GeoPost takes the Microsoft Azure Cloud and using ESRI’s Enterprise builds a cloud GIS platform....
The Altar Valley is an important working landscape that supports biodiversity and vulnerable species in Pima County, Arizona (Huckelberry 2000). This semi-desert grassland, alluvial valley and 713,807-acre watershed composed of 39 subbasins serves as an aquifer to a portion of southwestern Tucson. This region of Southern Arizona has been identified...
This case study investigated the reasons for, implementation of, and possible problems with the
current push for green infrastructure projects in Tennessee. Lack of canopy, nearly impermeable
soils, and excess hardscape are all common features in middle Tennessee which affect our
infrastructure. This study will review 4 recent green infrastructure...
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Invasive species are one of the most significant threats to native ecosystems in the nation (Mooney, 2001). As defined by Federal Executive Order 13112, a species is considered invasive if it is not native to the ecosystem under consideration, and its establishment causes or is likely to cause...
Golden-winged Warblers are facing population decline and increasing threats in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Experts believe that breeding habitat loss is one of the primary reasons for Golden-winged Warbler decline in the region. In northwestern North Carolina, research is ongoing to understand the availability of suitable breeding habitat for Golden-winged...
Lone Lake is an approximately ninety acre lake in Langley, WA on Whidbey Island. Since 2008, Lone Lake has experienced a number of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs). Since 2016, however, the intensity of these cyanoHABs have impacted both ecosystem functions and human activities in the watershed. In June of 2020,...
This report describes the findings from a 22 question survey of the 104 member Montgomery West Homeowners Association (MWHOA) in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Resident’s perceptions of their practices as related to the neighborhood storm ponds, stormwater, and how homeowner practices contribute to non-point source pollutants. An understanding of Green Infrastructure (GI)...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Advanced Placement Environmental Science on the pro-environmental behaviors and beliefs in high school juniors and seniors at a high school in central New Jersey. Using a pro-environmental behaviors scale adapted from earlier research by Astrid Leeuw (2015) in conjunction with the theory...
The use of Boswellia tree’s fragrant resin, known as frankincense has been used in religious rituals and medicines for thousands of years. Those same uses have only increased in popularity throughout the world, and have made their way into western culture, where frankincense is a main ingredient in many skin...
Forest managers are faced with balancing a multitude of management objectives including social, economic, and ecological drivers as well as the uncertainty of how forests will grow and react to climate change. One possible tool to balance these drivers and the uncertainty of climate change is an adaptive management framework...
I conducted a field study using gray wolf and mountain lion urine to investigate white-tailed deer and mesopredator behavioral responses to novel predator cues in a natural setting and to see if any changes in wildlife activity correspond to changes in the local biodiversity of a wetland environment. I created...
Each NWR within the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) provides landscapes that contribute to conservation of wildlife and the habitats they depend on at local, regional, and national levels. The Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP) for a given refuge is a guide to how...
The impacts of climate change are being observed worldwide. However, some regions and context specific situations make particular areas more vulnerable to the impacts than others. Alaska’s Kenai River Watershed (KRW) is on the front lines of climate change and may be especially vulnerable to the impacts due to distinct...
Eelgrass (Zostera marina) provides critical ecosystem functions and services and is a vital biogenic habitat on Washington’s marine aquatic reserves but its placement at the land-sea interface leaves it vulnerable to multiple environmental and anthropogenic stressors. In this study, published scientific literature is examined to identify thresholds of environmental stressors...
An Invasive Plant Management Plan developed for Big Sur Land Trust, a non-profit conservation organization located on California's Central Coast, to guide its vegetation management activities and serve as a decision-support tool. The effort included the creation of a digital field data collection tool through Survey123 Connect, survey and data...
An Invasive Plant Management Plan developed for Big Sur Land Trust, a non-profit conservation organization located on California's Central Coast, to guide its vegetation management activities and serve as a decision-support tool. The effort included the creation of a digital field data collection tool through Survey123 Connect, survey and data...
Riparian ecosystems provide critical habitat for a broad diversity of aquatic and terrestrial species. However, due to their connectivity along river corridors, and the tendency for people to build roads, infrastructure, and other settlements next to rivers, riparian ecosystems are vulnerable to colonization by invasive plant and animal species. Early...
Sustainable elk (Cervus canadensis) habitat management on U.S. Forest Service (USFS) lands involves a complex relationship between management practices and ecological processes. A relatively novel Rocky Mountain elk population (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) on the Plumas National Forest (PNF) in northeastern California became established in the early 2000s, but there is...
Managers of U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Bald Knob National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge) in central Arkansas want to provide sufficient habitat resources to meet its population objectives for wintering waterfowl. Nutrient reserves acquired during the wintering period appear to support spring migration and subsequent reproductive success for some species,...
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have emerged in the last half century as concerning global contaminants. PFASs have been found in drinking water systems causing negative health impacts for those who rely on this as their primary source of drinking water. PFASs are man-made industrial chemicals composed of carbon chains...
As the western United States faces warmer and increasingly varied climate conditions, as well as predicted water insecurity, concerns over water quality and water availability are growing. While humans, fish, and wildlife are dependent on clean water for survival in the present, management of water resources needs to consider future...
In the most recent decades, there has been extensive loss of seagrasses within the Indian River Lagoon estuary on the eastern coast of Florida. This decline poses a significant threat to the ecological function of the ecosystem, as well as to the social and economic wellbeing of the surrounding communities....
The presence of predators and competitors can offer biotic resistance against the establishment of non-native species, including the European green crab, Carcinus maenas, (EGC) in the estuary of Coos Bay, Oregon. It has been suggested that limb loss, or autotomy of the EGC will increase in areas that include populations...
Humboldt Redwoods State Park in southern Humboldt County, California is a coastal redwood forest, a highly unique and valued ecosystem. It has many social, cultural, ecological, and economic values, including recreational benefits, heritage and aesthetic values, high biodiversity, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation. However, Humboldt County is at risk of...
This paper will focus on the “possible economic, environmental and other effects” as they relate to one former military base (BRAC, 2013). With a focus on natural resource sustainability and stakeholder engagement, the research and findings within this paper will answer the question: How can understanding the process of military...
Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations currently exist in less than half of their historic range in the state of New Jersey. The remaining populations are confined to the northwestern part of the state in the Highlands, Appalachian Ridge and Valley, and Piedmont physiographic provinces, with the exception of Mason's Run,...
Through a desk-top analysis, this research shows that South African women have gained and utilize specialized skills, behaviors, and adaptations through their daily activities which are useful when applied to water resource management. Further, South African women are shown to build and draw on social capital as a way to...
Wetland habitats are disappearing at an alarming rate and research is finding that establishment and creation of wetland habitat is generally unsuccessful. Typical mitigation strategies in the past have created multiple small isolated wetlands with little functioning habitat. Within Washington State, guidance and research recommends utilizing mitigation banks to compensate...