A method for measuring the magnetostriction of thin films using a vibrating sample
magnetometer is described. We describe the design of a custom sample holder to apply an
adjustable bending stress to the sample during measurement and observe the resulting change in
the M-H loop.
Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) characterization, using a vector network analyzer (VNA), is widely used to determine anisotropy, g-factor, and Gilbert damping parameter of magnetic thin films, but results are typically reported without calculation of the measurement accuracy. We present a method of processing VNA-FMR measurements to determine both the value and...
We investigate a number of simple toy models to explore interesting relationships between dynamics and typicality. We start with an infinite model that has been proposed as an illustration of how nonergodic dynamics can produce interesting features that are suggestive for cosmological applications. We consider various attempts to define the...
Ontogenetic changes in resource use often delimit transitions between life stages. Ecological and individual factors can cause variation in the timing and consistency of these transitions, ultimately affecting community and population dynamics through changes in growth and survival. Therefore, it is important to document and understand behavioral and life history...
Many wind-power facilities in the United States have established effective monitoring programs to determine turbine-caused fatality rates of birds and bats, but estimating the number of fatalities of rare species poses special difficulties. The loss of even small numbers of individuals may adversely affect fragile populations, but typically, few (if...
Magnetic composites containing anisotropic magnetic particles can achieve properties not possible in corresponding bulk or thin films of the magnetic material. In this work, we discuss how planar magnetic anisotropy may be achieved in a composite by aligning disk-shaped particles in an in-plane rotating magnetic field. Previous efforts have reported...
A novel patterning technique that creates magnetization patterns in a continuous magnetostrictive
film with surface acoustic waves is demonstrated. Patterns of 10 μm wide stripes of alternating
magnetization and a 3 μm dot of reversed magnetization are written using standing and focusing
acoustic waves, respectively. The magnetization pattern is size-tunable,...
An exact integral solution for the moisture profile in growing fingers in sandy soil is derived from Richards' equation. The solution provides moisture content along a finger as a function of position and time and provides applicable results, including the calculation of the asymptotic matric potential of a growing finger...
OBJECTIVE. Hospital readmissions are a current target of initiatives to reduce healthcare costs. This study quantified the association between having a clinical culture positive for 1 of 3 prevalent hospital-associated organisms and time to hospital readmission.
DESIGN. Retrospective cohort study.
PATIENTS AND SETTING. Adults admitted to an academic, tertiary care...
Carbonate nodules and associated sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 139 sites of the Middle Valley, Juan de Fuca Ridge, were studied using a combination of inorganic and organic geochemical techniques. The mineralogy and stable isotopic compositions defined three types of nodules, reflecting the conditions of carbonate precipitation. Nodule ingrowth...
The accelerated diagenesis, maturation, and catagenesis of organic matter to hydrothermal petroleum was studied in sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 139 in Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. Sediments at Sites 855 and 856 have experienced high heat flow resulting in accelerated diagenesis of the immature organic matter...
The shallow sections of most holes drilled during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 139 contain alkenones derived from prymnesiophyte algae. The alkenones indicate a paleotemperature of the photic zone in the upper ocean during primary carbon fixation of 7°-15°C, with an average of 10.7°C. Based on laboratory hydrous pyrolyses these alkenones...
Magnetic nanocomposites, composed of magnetic nanoparticles in an insulating matrix, can have
properties not achievable in bulk, single-phase materials. This work reports on ferromagnetic
resonance (FMR) measurements as a tool to investigate the internal magnetic field in nanocomposite
samples of varying particle packing fractions. The ferromagnetic resonance frequency changes with...
BACKGROUND: Patients receiving hospice or palliative care often receive antimicrobial therapy; however the effectiveness
of antimicrobial therapy for symptom management in these patients is unknown.
OBJECTIVE: The study’s objective was to systematically review and summarize existing data on the prevalence and
effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy to improve symptom burden among...
3-D printing processes, which use drop-on-demand inkjet printheads, have great potential in
designing and prototyping magnetic materials. Unlike conventional deposition and lithography,
magnetic particles in the printing ink can be aligned by an external magnetic field to achieve both
high permeability and low hysteresis losses, enabling prototyping and development of...
BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding the prevalence or risk factors for non-comprehension and non-compliance with discharge instructions among older adults.
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the prevalence and identify patient characteristics associated with non-comprehension and non-compliance with discharge instructions.
RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective cohort study
SUBJECTS: 450 adults aged ≥65 admitted to medical...
BACKGROUND: Identifying patients at high risk of hospital readmission may facilitate
interventions to improve care. Depressive symptoms are prevalent among hospitalized older
adults and may provide a target for these interventions if associated with readmission. The aim of
this study was to quantify the risk of 30-day unplanned hospital readmission...
Many disciplines of geochemistry have no data reporting standards, and their use of metadata is inadequately developed. This presents problems to the quality of the published science, and it limits the utility of computers in data analysis and the exploitation of Information Technology (IT). We discuss problems of data and...
We have measured voltage-current characteristics for YBa₂Cu₃O₇ thin films in magnetic fields from 5
T to ambient, including some in the millitesla range. In all cases, the resistivity —current density isotherms
can be separated into two classes: those which exhibit upward curvature, and have constant
resistivity at low currents, and...
The 1-km advanced very high resolution radiometer observations from the morning, NOAA-12, and afternoon,
NOAA-11, satellite passes over the coast of California during June 1994 are used to determine the altitudes,
visible optical depths, and cloud droplet effective radii for low-level clouds. Comparisons are made between
the properties of clouds...
High resolution, continuous records of GRAPE wet bulk density (a carbonate proxy) from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 138
provide one the opportunity for a detailed study of eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean carbonate sedimentation during the last 6 m.y.
The transect of sites drilled spans both latitude and longitude in the...
Establishing true depths of recovered sediments is critical to determining sedimentation rates for high-resolution paleoclimatic
studies. We have corrected the composite depth scale, which accounts for the entire continuous sedimentary sequence, so that sediment
depths are consistent with logging depths, or "true" depths. We accomplished this by taking advantage of...
A stable-isotope stratigraphy at Site 846 (tropical Pacific, 3°06'S, 90°49'W, 3307 m water depth), based on the benthic
foraminifers Cibicides wuellerstorfi and Uvigerina peregrina, yields a high-resolution record of deep-sea δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C over the
past 1.8 Ma, with an average sampling interval of 3 k.y. Variance in the δ¹⁸O...
The data presented in this report demonstrate significant improvements
in the ability to constrain trace element and Sr isotopic
concentrations in sediments overlying ridge-flank hydrothermal
systems. Improved sampling methods orchestrated by the Integrated
Ocean Drilling Program (i.e., advanced piston coring and
anoxic sample processing) enabled the collection of reactive pore...
The subduction of the oceanic spreading center at the Chile Triple Junction is marked by a substantial thermal perturbation
and marked changes in the hydrogeologic and aqueous geochemical regimes in the overthrust plate. Ridge subduction substantially
changes the fluid chemistry in the wedge through variably hydrating the oceanic basement, accretionary...
The strength-normalized fatigue endurance strength of the bulk metallic glass (BMG) Zr₅₂.₅Cu₁₇.₉Ni₁₄.₆Al₁₀Ti₅ (Vitreloy 105) has been reported to be the highest for any BMG; however, to date, there has been no explanation of why this material is so much better than other Zr-based compositions. In this study, the fatigue-crack growth...
Context: Antibiotic prescribing in hospice patients is complicated by the focus on palliative rather than curative care and concerns regarding increasing antibiotic resistance.
Objective: To estimate antibiotic use in a national sample of hospice patients and identify facility and patient characteristics associated with antibiotic use in this population.
Methods: This...
Three successful vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) were acquired during
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 204 at South Hydrate Ridge. The
data confirm earlier results from ocean bottom seismometer data and
analysis of moveout from common midpoint reflection data that the
average velocity between the seafloor and the bottom-simulating reflector
(BSR)...
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 138 was designed to study the late Neogene paleoceanography of the equatorial Pacific Ocean at time scales of thousands to millions of years. Crucial to this objective was the acquisition of continuous, high-resolution sedimentary records. It is well known that between successive advanced piston corer...
This paper presents a seismic sequence and structural analysis of a high-resolution three-dimensional seismic reflection survey that was acquired in June 2000 in preparation for Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 204. The seismic data were correlated with coring and logging results from nine sites drilled in 2002 during Leg 204....
During ODP Leg 138, we tested a prototype instrument, developed
at Oregon State University, for measuring light reflectance in 511
channels of the visible and near-infrared bands. The technique of
reflectance spectroscopy has been used for some time in chemistry
and mineralogy (e.g., Hunt, 1977; Gaffey, 1986) and has found...
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 204 to Hydrate Ridge, located on the continental slope offshore Oregon (USA), was the first drilling expedition dedicated to understanding gas hydrate processes in accretionary complexes and provided a testbed for a number of different techniques for estimating the gas hydrate content of sediments. It...
The exchange of waters between the Pacific and the Southern Oceans occurs along the eastern boundary of the South Pacific. Because water masses of the Antarctic provide a connection among the world's ocean basins, these water masses maintain the ability to influence changes in ocean circulation and climate (Lynch-Stieglitz et...
During Ocean Drilling Program Leg 202, detailed shipboard paleomagnetic measurements at Sites 1233 and 1234 identified a reproducible high-resolution record of paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) at each site. These records also contained evidence for three magnetic field excursions. This paper summarizes the complete paleomagnetic record from Site 1233 and the...
The isotopic compositions of interstitial waters collected from Hydrate
Ridge during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 204 were measured to
evaluate the fluid evolution of this accretionary prism. At shallow
depths, the dissolved Cl- concentrations and δD and δ¹⁸O values of the
interstitial water reflect changes in the salinity and the...
Hydrate Ridge is an accretionary thrust ridge located on the lower slope of the central Cascadia convergent margin. Structural mapping based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional multichannel seismic reflection profiles and gridded bathymetry coupled with deep-towed sidescan sonar data and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) biostratigraphy suggests that seafloor fluid venting patterns...
Results of ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar Ar dating constrain the age of the submerged volcanic succession, part of the seaward-dip ping reflector sequence of the Southeast Greenland volcanic rifted margin, recovered during Leg 163. At the 3°Ne 6 drilling transect, the fully normally magnetized volcanic units at Holes 989B (Unit 1) and 990A...
High-temperature combustion oxidation measurements of nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have been determined for pore waters from sediments of Middle Valley, Ocean Drilling Program Leg 139, as well as for overlying and near-bottom seawater. The DOC values in the interstitial waters are generally greater than those in the overlying water...
During Ocean Drilling Program Leg 204, 80 in situ measurements of
subseafloor temperature were made; 68 of these showed good frictional
pulses on insertion and extraction from the seafloor and were used to
constrain the subsurface temperature. Considering uncertainties from
various sources, uncertainties in the in situ temperatures are estimated...
Sediments from five Leg 167 drill sites and three piston cores were analyzed for C[subscript ORG] and CaCO₃. Oxygen isotope stratigraphy on benthic foraminifers was used to assign age models to these sedimentary records. We find that the northern and central California margin is characterized by k.y.-scale events that can...
We present benthic isotope stratigraphies for Sites 1236, 1237, 1239, and 1241 that span the late Miocene–Pliocene time interval from 6 to 2.4 Ma. Orbitally tuned timescales were generated for Sites 1237 and 1241 by correlating the high-frequency variations in gamma ray attenuation density, percent sand of the carbonate fraction,...
⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar incremental heating experiments were performed on volcanic rocks recovered by drilling during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 152, southeast Greenland Margin (63°N), and Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 81, southwest Rockall Plateau (56°N). Both of these legs drilled into thick sections of submerged lava flows, known as seaward-dipping reflector sequences,...
Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 202 has opened a new window
into understanding late Paleogene and Neogene global environmental
change by providing high-quality sediment sequences from a previously
unsampled region, the eastern South Pacific. Eleven sites (1232–
1242) that record variations on timescales ranging from decades to tens
of millions...
The sorbed gases at all four Ocean Drilling Program Leg 139 sites (855, 856, 857, and 858) showed the unmistakable presence of thermogenic hydrocarbons. No indication of abiogenic gas was found. The evidence for the thermogenic hydrocarbons includes elevated contents of higher hydrocarbons (i.e., C₁/[C₂ + C₃] ca. 2-20), δ¹³CCH₄...
The primary objective of Leg 138 was to provide detailed information about the ocean's response to global climate change
during the Neogene. Two north south transects were drilled (95° and 110°W) within the region of equatorial divergence driven
upwelling (and thus high accumulation rates and resolution) and spanning the major...
During Leg 168 of the Ocean Drilling Program, basalts were recovered by drilling and subsurface water was collected with a water sampling tool at Hole 1026B on the east flank of Juan de Fuca Ridge. Microorganisms were found in both types of samples. The microorganisms in the basalt appear to...
To facilitate the selection of drill sites for Leg 138, a site survey
program was conducted on board the Scripps Institution of
Oceanography's research vessel Thomas Washington (Cruise Venture
1). During this cruise, which departed San Diego on 30 August 1989
and arrived in Manzanillo, Mexico, on 4 October 1989,...
Calcium carbonate percentages at five Ceara Rise sites were estimated at 1- to 2-k.y. intervals over the past 5 m.y., using
reflectance spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility proxies. From these estimates and detailed correlations between sites, gradients
of calcite and terrigenous sediment accumulation rates in a depth transect of sites reveal...
Coring at ODP Sites 859, 860, and 861 near the Chile Triple Junction failed to recover anticipated gas hydrate that was inferred
to be present from two lines of geophysical evidence: pre-cruise observation of a weak to strong bottom simulating reflector (BSR)
marking the predicted base of the gas-hydrate stability...
We carried out a detailed rock magnetic and paleomagnetic study of deep-sea sediments from selected intervals of Site 1233 in order to assess whether they contain reproducible evidence for submillennial-scale environmental, climatic, and geomagnetic field variability. Three 1.5-m sediment intervals from oxygen isotope Stages 1, 2, and 3 were sampled...
Sedimentary pore fluids from the Chile Triple Junction were sampled in situ, and analyzed for their noble gas composition. ³He/⁴He and ⁴He/Ne ratios were used to evaluate the fraction of helium in the samples that originated from mantle and radiogenic sources. The results show no primordial helium in samples recovered...
Oxygen and strontium isotopic composition of sedimentary pore fluids obtained by drilling at the Chile Triple Junction have been used to obtain information on the diagenesis and transport mechanisms of fluids. Samples were collected from three sites located on an east-west transect of the pre-collision zone (Sites 859, 860, and...
Sediment spectral reflectance measurements were generated aboard the JOIDES Resolution during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 162 shipboard operations. The large size of the raw data set (over 1.3 gigabytes) and limited computer hard disk storage space precluded detailed analysis of the data at sea, although broad band averages were used...
We analyzed the unsaturation ratio (U k/37 ) of long-chain ketones—a molecular sea-surface temperature (SST) indicator—concentrations of carbonate and organic carbon in sediments from Site 846 in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Based on an isotopic age model for the composite depth section of 0-46 m below seafloor and on...
The majority of the Earth's shallow crust is composed of basalt that erupted on the seafloor and was subsequently altered by chemical exchange with seawater. One aspect of this alteration is the replacement of glass by secondary minerals, including clays. Petrographic thin sections from ODP Holes 504B and 896A revealed...
Within the altered parts of the glass rim of pillow lavas of Hole 896A, at depths at least 432 m below seafloor (237 m below the top of volcanic basement), microbes have been identified. This is indicated by the size and shapes of alteration textures and verified by the presence...
Open Educational Resources (OER) are increasingly used
in the higher education landscape as a solution for a variety of
copyright, publishing and cost-prohibiting issues. While OERs are
becoming more common, reports of usability tests that evaluate how
well learners can use them to accomplish their learning tasks have
lagged behind....
Pollen analyses of sediments from Holes 1019C, 1019E, 1020C, and 1020D as well as piston Core EW9504-17 provide
continuous, chronostratigraphically controlled proxy vegetation and climate data for coastal northwest North America for the
last ~500 k.y. Systematic changes in the representation of the diagnostic components of northern California plant assemblages...
In the late 1850s, few young Jews, recently arrived in the United States from Poland, chose to live in Florida. Fortunately, one who did, Max White, wrote down his memoirs of those years, leaving us a remarkable, very personal account of life on the Florida frontier as well as a...
Global increases in ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR) have the potential to alter marine primary production and to affect carbon cycles and marine trophic dynamics. Estimates of UVBR induced photoinhibition have varied greatly, indicating that a common dose-response by marine phytoplankton may not occur from place to place. An action spectrum describing...
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), commonly known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), is a member of the Alloherpesviridae, and is a recently discovered emerging herpesvirus that is highly pathogenic for koi and common carp. Our previous study demonstrated that CyHV-3 becomes latent in peripheral white blood cells (WBC). In this study, CyHV-3...
In shallow water, any two waves of the same frequency are shown to produce complex patterns of
drift velocity above the sea bed. If the longshore components λ₁, λ₂ of the wave numbers of the two
waves are different, these steady flow patterns exhibit a longshore periodicity of wave number...
The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) was an international field program designed to make observations of poorly understood but critical components of the coupled climate system of the southeast Pacific. This region is characterized by strong coastal upwelling, the coolest SSTs in the tropical belt, and is home to...
Isotopic characterization of carbon in the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool is fundamental for a wide array of scientific studies directly related to gas hydrate research. In order to generate integrated and internally consistent data of δ¹³C of DIC in pore waters from Hydrate Ridge, we used the modern continuous...
This report describes the results of semiquantitative analysis of clay mineral composition by X-ray diffraction. The samples consist of hemipelagic mud and mudstone cored from Hydrate Ridge during Leg 204 of the Ocean Drilling Program. We analyzed oriented aggregates of the clay-sized fractions (<2 μm) to estimate relative percentages of...
Premise of research. We sought to determine the role of flowering in recovery of understory herbs from a major disturbance and to determine the effects of plant and environmental factors on flowering patterns.
Methodology. We counted flowering and nonflowering shoots in permanent plots eight to 10 times over a 30-year period for...
This work sought to determine high pressure processing (HPP) effects on the activity of cathepsins B and D in the muscle of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus). In mackerel, the cathepsin B activity decrease reached 40% at 450 MPa while in horse mackerel, low and intermediate pressures...
Myosins are actin-based molecular motors that may have specialized trafficking and contractile functions in cytoskeletal compartments that lack microtubules. The postsynaptic excitatory synapse is one such specialization, yet little is known about the spatial organization of myosin motor proteins in the mature brain. We used a proteomics approach to determine...
Using a systems biology approach, we discovered and dissected a three-way interaction between the immune system, the intestinal epithelium and the microbiota. We found that, in the absence of B cells, or of IgA, and in the presence of the microbiota, the intestinal epithelium launches its own protective mechanisms, upregulating...
In this study we investigated the role of astragaloside IV (AS-IV), one of the major active constituents purified from the Chinese
medicinal herb Astragalus membranaceus, in LPS-induced acute inflammatory responses in mice in vivo and examined possible
underlying mechanisms. Mice were assigned to four groups: vehicle-treated control animals; AS-IV-treated animals...
The Clouds, Aerosol, and Precipitation in the Marine Boundary Layer (CAP-MBL) deployment at Graciosa Island in the Azores generated a 21-month (April 2009–December 2010) comprehensive dataset documenting clouds, aerosols, and precipitation using the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF). The scientific aim of the deployment is to gain...
The genus Phytophthora contains some of the most notorious plant pathogens affecting nursery crops. Given the recent emergence of the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, particularly in association with Rhododendron spp., characterization of Phytophthora communities associated with this host in nursery environments is prudent. Many taxa may present symptoms...
Correction:
21 Jan 2015: The PLOS ONE Staff (2015) Correction: Separate Introns Gained within Short and Long Soluble Peridinin-Chlorophyll a-Protein Genes during Radiation of Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) Clade A and B Lineages. PLOS ONE 10(1): e0117735. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117735
Biological invasion potential can be strongly influenced by abiotic factors such as temperature, water availability, and solar radiation. Invasive species that possess phenotypically plastic traits can mediate impacts from these stressors, but may be unable to recognize and respond to dangerous levels in a novel environment. Understanding potential constraints on...
We investigated DNA methylomes of pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALLs) using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and high-definition microarrays, along with RNA expression profiles. Epigenetic alteration of B-ALLs occurred in two tracks: de novo methylation of small functional compartments and demethylation of large intercompartmental backbones. The deviations were exaggerated in lamina-associated...
Desferrioxamine B (DFOB) was reversibly and covalently conjugated to polystyrene microspheres via N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP) crosslinker. DFOB retained post-immobilization activity with at least 89% able to bind Fe(III)-citrate under pH 7.4 and a citrate:iron molar ratio = 100:1. Comparing iron capture by DFOB-activated beads and sulfhydryl (−SH) control beads demonstrated...
Recent satellite observations indicate a significant decrease of cloud water in ship tracks, in contrast to an ensemble of in situ ship-track measurements showing no average change in cloud water relative to the surrounding clouds, and contrary to the expectation of cloud water increasing in polluted clouds. We find through...
From a screen of 36 plant-associated strains of Burkholderia spp., we identified 24 strains that suppressed leaf and pseudobulb necrosis of orchid caused by B. gladioli. To gain insights into the mechanisms of disease suppression, we generated a draft genome sequence from one suppressive strain, TC3.4.2R3. The genome is an...
The deep sea is often viewed as a vast, dark, remote,
and inhospitable environment, yet the deep ocean and
seafloor are crucial to our lives through the services that
they provide. Our understanding of how the deep sea functions
remains limited, but when treated synoptically, a diversity
of supporting, provisioning,...
We used spatial optimization to analyze alternative restoration scenarios and quantify tradeoffs for a large, multifaceted restoration program to restore resiliency to forest landscapes in the western US. We specifically examined tradeoffs between provisional ecosystem services, fire protection, and the amelioration of key ecological stressors. The results revealed that attainment...
Thomas and Megahan [1998] provide a thoughtful reanalysis of our earlier paper [Jones and Grant, 1996]. Thomas and Megahan [1998] (hereinafter referred to as T&M) reacted to three assertions made by Jones and Grant [1996] (hereinafter referred to as J&G): (1) "forest harvesting has increased peak discharges by as much...
Background: The owl limpet (Lottia gigantea) is an ectothermic invertebrate that inhabits
the rocky intertidal zone where it territorially defends home ranges and grazes algae growing
on the rocks. Among endothermic species, home range scales isometrically with body mass.
Hypothesis: Home range area scales isometrically (scaling exponent ∼1.0) across individuals...
Studies of nutrient limitation in Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest focus predominantly on nitrogen, yet many stands demonstrate negligible or even negative growth response to nitrogen fertilization. To understand what nutrients other than nitrogen may limit forest productivity in this region, we tested six fertilizer treatments for their ability...
The response of already polluted marine stratocumulus to additional particles was examined by studying the clouds where two ship tracks cross. Nearly 100 such crossings were collected and analyzed using Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) multispectral imagery for the daytime passes off the western coast of the...
Variation in fluvial suspended sediment–discharge behavior is generally thought to be the product of changes in processes governing the delivery of sediment and water to the channel. The objective of this study was to infer sediment supply dynamics from the response of suspended sediment behavior to antecedent hydrologic factors. The...
Accelerated release of carbon from soils is one
of the most important feedbacks related to anthropogenically
induced climate change. Studies addressing the mechanisms
for soil carbon release through organic matter decomposition
have focused on the effect of changes in the average temperature,
with little attention to changes in temperature variability....
Pretreatment of male C57BL/6 mice with low doses of the persistent organochlorine
(OC) pesticide, chlordecone (CD), stimulated biliary excretion of exogenous CH up to 3-fold. Increased biliary excretion occurred without changes in hepatic ATP-binding
cassette transporter G8 (ABCG8) of the bile canaliculus or scavenger receptor class B
type I (SR-BI)...
We measured fracture resistance curves (or R curves) for laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made with Douglas fir veneer and polyvinyl acetate resin and for solid wood Douglas fir. The LVL and solid wood R curves were the same for initiation of fracture, but the LVL toughness rose much higher than...
Extensive first-pass metabolism of ingested bisphenol A (BPA) in the gastro-intestinal tract and liver restricts blood concentrations of bioactive BPA to < 1% of total BPA in humans and non-human primates. Absorption of ingested BPA through non-metabolizing tissues of the oral cavity, recently demonstrated in dogs, could lead to the...
Rivers display temporal dependence in suspended sediment–water discharge relationships. Although most work has focused on multi-decadal trends, river sediment behavior often displays sub-decadal scale fluctuations that have received little attention. The objectives of this study were to identify inter-annual to decadal scale fluctuations in the suspended sediment–discharge relationship of a...
This study is an investigation into the roles of wildfire and changing agricultural practices in controlling the inter-decadal scale trends of suspended sediment production from semi-arid mountainous rivers. In the test case, a decreasing trend in suspended sediment concentrations was found in the lower Salinas River, California between 1967 and...
While contemporary civil engineering projects are increasingly complex, the cognitive abilities of the decision maker remain limited. There is a conflict between the complexity that is required to describe a scenario with all its relevant properties and the limited number of ideas that can be included in rational considerations and...
Calculating a sample unit × trait matrix provides a flexible first step in analyzing the relationships between species traits and explanatory variables. This matrix is obtained by multiplying a sample unit × species matrix by a species × trait matrix, but the content of the resulting matrix depends on whether...
The spatial distribution of plankton is highly aggregated, so one might expect that a vertically migrating animal enters a biotic environment that is markedly different each evening and that the changes in environment between daylight periods spent at depth are equally great. To measure the extent of these changes, as...
The wind speed and significant wave height (H1/3) dependencies of the sea state is in altimeter estimates of sea level, expressed in the form ∆hSSB=bH1/3, are examined from least squares analysis of 21 cycles of collinear TOPEX data. The bias coefficient b is found to increase in magnitude with increasing...
Mechanical thinning and prescribed fire are widely used to restore western forests after a century of fire suppression, yet we know little about
how these treatments affect understory communities where plant diversity is highest. We followed understory plants and environmental factors in
old-growth, Sierran mixed conifer for two pre-treatment and...
The importance of large breeding individuals for maintaining the health of marine fish and invertebrate populations has long been recognized. Unfortunately, decades of human harvesting that preferentially remove larger individuals have led to drastic reductions in body sizes of many of these species. Such size-selective harvesting is particularly worrisome for...