Salmonid B lymphocytes were stimulated both in vivo and in vitro
and shown to produce antibody specific for the immunogen. A passive
hemolytic plaque assay was employed to demonstrate B cells producing
specific antibody. Characterization of plaque forming cells (PFCs)
involved sequential inhibition with a series of graded concentrations
of...
The in vitro effects of cortisol in regulating salmonid B cell functions were
investigated. B cells at three distinct stages of differentiation were examined for
cortisol sensitivity. B lymphocyte responses were examined 1) during the early stage
of the precursor, 2) during the intermediate stage of differentiation associated with
clonal...
Hybrids with abnormal development were obtained when particular
genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were crossed. The phenotypic
aberrations of the F₁s included retarded growth, chlorosis of the
trifoliate leaves and the formation of adventitious roots on the
hypocotyls. The expression of the abnormalities was dependent on the
temperature. At high...
The purpose of this study of the life and career of Dr. Carl
Leonard Anderson was to recount his professional contributions to
the field of health and relate these to public health and health education. The major emphasis of this study concerned Dr. Anderson's
professional life.
The accomplishment of the...
Currently little is known about the mechanisms and locations of
lymphocyte development in teleosts. In this study several aspects of the
underlying factors which govern B lymphocyte development in trout
were investigated which included: the isolation and characterization of
immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes, the recombination activating
genes 1 and...
L. C. Dunn (1893-1974) spent most of his scientific career conducting research in
developmental genetics as a member of the Zoology Department at Columbia
University in the City of New York. He had an accomplished scientific career
researching mutations in mice, which earned him respect from other geneticists and
scientists....
Previous studies have found that smoking may have a negative effect on
vitamin B-6 indices and have demonstrated a possible association between smoking
and depressed plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) concentration. Individuals with
plasma PLP values below the adequate level of 30 nmoles/L might benefit from
consumption of vitamin B-6 supplements, but...
Chronic hepatitis B disproportionately affects Asian Americans. Although Asians make up only 4.2% of the total United States (U.S.) population, they account for more than half of those infected with hepatitis B. If left untreated, chronic hepatitis B could lead to cirrhosis, liver damage, and liver cancer. Studies show that...
Nitrogen fertilization of seedling legumes is a controversial practice intended to provide N to the plant during periods when seed N, soil N, and N₂ fixation may not meet plant requirements; eg. prenodulation, postharvest, or in the event of an inoculation failure. Field experiments were conducted in 3 consecutive years...
Field experiments were established in 1982 and 1983 on a Woodburn silt loam soil (Aquultic Argixeroll) to examine the effect of S fertilizer on dinitrogen fixation and dry matter yield of 10 week-old seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. 'Apollo'). Six levels of S fertilizer (0 to 67.2 kg S/ha)...
Boron sprays produced fruit set increases in 'Barcelona'
hazelnut orchards in 1984 and in 1985. The absolute fruit set was
correlated with leaf B content but not with nut B. With relative
fruit set (RFS), B content of nuts in May (r = 0.63**) was more
strongly related to set...
Seed shattering is a constraint to improvement of seed yield in Lolium perenne L. and as a result, seed retention is an essential trait for this valuable crop. Field studies were conducted near Corvallis, OR in two years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) to identify genetic variation for seed retention and to...
The usefulness of preplant nitrogen (N) in establishing
alfalfa in colder production areas has not been
well characterized. This study was conducted to determine
the effect of preplant N and soil temperature on
yield, percent N derived from biological nitrogen fixation
(PBNF), and shoot N concentration in alfalfa (Medicago
sativa...
Although much has been written describing the
various reactions to the origin of Species in America, the Mormon reaction to Darwinism has been largely ignored. This dissertation will recount the history of this reaction as exemplified by the life and works of B. H. Roberts. Roberts's intellectual pursuits early in...
The field of toxicology is challenged with a vast number of environmental chemicals and mixtures to which humans and ecosystems are exposed with limited toxicity data available. Chemical hazard assessment traditionally utilizes mammalian models and can be both cost- and time-limiting and may pose ethical concerns. To rapidly tackle this...
The purpose of this study was to determine if significant differences
in each of the ten Structure of Intellect (SOI) abilities
measured on the SOI Screening Form for Gifted exist between students
perceived by teachers as gifted and identified gifted students
overlooked by teachers. The influence of teacher and student...
Spring frost damage to pears in the Pacific Northwest frequently
results in substantial crop losses. This research was undertaken to
investigate the effects of frost on pear buds, flowers, and fruit
through controlled freezing tests and field studies in order to better
understand the frost phenomenon and refine frost protection...
Constraining the magma evolution and dynamics that lead to the eruption of large volume continental arc systems is fundamental to our understanding of continental crust formation. An investigation into the magmagenesis that results in the formation of the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) in the Andes of South America, situated atop...
The current study was a content analysis of court opinions on grandparent
visitation rights using the method of grounded theory. The research questions
addressed in this study were: (a) On what bases were grandparents granted legal
standing to petition for visitation with their grandchildren? (b) What was the legal
reasoning...
Salmonid run sizes are strongly affected by their early marine stage. Fully understanding the life history of salmonids means understanding how they interact with their marine environment and with other fishes. Changes in the biological and physical environment off the Columbia River region affects the distribution and abundance of predatory...
There is a need for a simple tool to assess the learner's match to
distance delivery methods such as telecourse and modem classes. The
concept of a prediction instrument is a practical approach to identifying
the at-risk student in the distance delivery environment.
The purpose of this study was to...
The competition or rivalry for the use of water resources
among economic sectors of the Pacific Northwest and among geographical
regions of the western United States has intensified in recent
years. This rivalry and the long run prospects for water shortages
have increased the demand for research concerning the productivity...
The competition or rivalry for the use of water resources
among economic sectors of the Pacific Northwest and among geographical
regions of the western United States has intensified in recent
years. This rivalry and the long run prospects for water shortages
have increased the demand for research concerning the productivity...
This investigation consisted of two parts: A. stability, B.
bioavailability of vitamin B₆ in wheat. Three variables; whole wheat
flour (WHW), white flour (W) and W enriched with vitamin B₆ (WB₆)
were tested.
Stability of vitamin B₆ during bread making and storage of
bread and flour was determined. Bread was...
Aflatoxins B₁, Q₁ and aflatoxicol, R [subscript o] F, but not B₂ were activated in the presence of NADPH by the 105,000 x g pellet from rainbow
trout (Salmo gairdneri), Mt. Shasta strain, liver to products lethal to
Bacillus subtilis GSY 1057 (metB4, hisAl, uvr-1). Electron microscopy
confirmed the microsomal...
The vitamin B₁₂ concentrations in both the water and sediments
of Klamath Lake were found to vary significantly during a
one-year period. The patterns of B₁₂ distribution were remarkably
similar among the three main sites. In all cases there was an extremely
sharp gradation in concentration in relation to depth...
Agronomic and microbiological studies were conducted on "Anchor" alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) established from uninoculated seed on three Aridisols in central Oregon. Significant responses to 230 Kg N per ha (NH₄NO₃), which was applied in mid-April and after each first and second harvests, were observed in yield parameters of the...
Serine transhydroxymethylase (STHM), a pyridoxal 5'-
phosphate requiring enzyme is indirectly involved in
pyrimidine deoxynucleotide metabolism. A decrease in the
activity of this enzyme could lead to altered deoxycytidine
(dC) metabolism. This study was undertaken to determine if
a vitamin B-6 deficiency affects dC metabolism. The effect
of a vitamin...
The purposes of the research presented in this thesis were: (1)
to determine the precision with which it is possible to measure
changes in vitamin B6 compounds in the blood and urine following
oral doses of levels of vitamin B6 (as pyridoxine) which are in the
range of the normal...
Global increases in ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR:290-
320 nm) resulting from decreases in stratospheric ozone
concentration have the potential to alter marine primary
production and affect global climate and marine trophic
dynamics. Effects of UVBR on phytoplankton carbon fixation
were determined from open ocean exposure studies conducted
off the coast of...
Four studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of varying levels of vitamin
B-6 (B6), protein and pyridoxine glucoside (PNG) on B6 status and requirements of
women. In the first two studies, women were fed a constant protein diet and vitamin
B-6 intakes of 0.84 to 2.39 mg/d during 10-...
The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway maintains genomic stability and
reduces cancer risk (colorectal and other internal cancers) by correcting polymerase
errors and activating cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in response to DNA damage.
Few studies have examined the influence of commonly encountered environmental
mutagens/carcinogens on the etiology of MMR-deficient...
Fire is the dominant disturbance process in western U.S. forests, and although effects of fire in upland forests are relatively well-studied, there is little information about fire effects on riparian forests, critical areas of the landscape for both habitat and water quality. This dissertation examines different aspects of fire effects...
The occurrence and distribution of fish viruses in Oregon were
determined by the examination of anadromous and fresh water salmonids.
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was isolated and
identified from asymptomatic adult coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and
chinook (0. tshawytscha) salmon returning to the Columbia River
system. Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus...
Genomic instability underlies diseases of unregulated cell growth that result in
cancers and developmental abnormalities in humans. Similar genome destabilizing
mechanisms are used to create genetic variety in crops for use in breeding and trait
development. Errors that occur during DNA replication may cause mutations if
they are not corrected...
Climate change is a global phenomenon, but natural selection occurs within landscapes. A central tenet of landscape ecology is that mobile species depend on complementary habitats, which are insufficient in isolation, but combine to support animals through the full annual cycle. For coldwater fishes, it is widely assumed that maximum...
The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine how high
school students managed their learning while working within the guidelines
of a student-centered approach to teaching and learning. Data collected
included interviews, questionnaires, participant observations, and Kolbe
Conative Index scores supplied by the school. Seven teachers and forty
students...
Reforestation of Pacific Northwest forest-lands with western hemlock has been hindered by unexplained plantation failures.
The purpose of this thesis is to provide information that will help in determining the cause of seedling damage and mortality. The studies focused on the relationship between xylem water potential, xylem cavitation and the...
Prostate cancer risk is significantly lower in Asian countries compared to the US, which has prompted interest in the chemo-preventative action of dietary components such as soy and green tea commonly found in Asian diets, such as soy and green tea. Studies have suggested that soy isoflavones and green tea...
The aim of this study was to investigate the vitamin B-6 status of Saudi adult males and compare the status between rural and urban subjects. Fifty-one adult male subjects were recruited from urban (n=31) and rural (n=20) populations of Riyadh. These subjects were reclassified to cigarette smokers (n=19), water pipe...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship
between a measure of anxiety and academic achievement of freshmen
women enrolled in the University of Northern Colorado (U.N.C.).
One thousand and eighty women, eighty-seven percent of the
freshmen women, were included in this study. All subjects completed
the American...
Superwarfarins are anticoagulant rodenticides that are 100 times more potent and 15 times more persistent than warfarin. They have been used since the 1980s and cause over 10,000 cases of accidental and intentional poisonings per year. Apart from inducing uncontrollable bleeding, by inhibiting the vitamin K cycle, superwarfarins can disrupt...
Studies were conducted to examine the effects of feeding
injury by the twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae
Koch) on physiological processes of its host plant, peppermint
(Mentha piperita L.). Aspects of mite-induced host plant
physiological stress that were studied included: 1) effects of
injury on plant-water relations; 2) photosynthesis and...
The feasibility of managing codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), with mixtures
of Bacillus thuringiensis-based microbial and selected chemical insecticides was
studied under laboratory and field conditions. Joint actions (synergism, additivity and
antagonism) of these mixtures were determined for both egg and larval stages. Higher
rates of microbial control agents (MCAs),...
A portion of this study was initiated to provide the
basis for implementing a chill unit accumulation procedure
in Yemen. Most continuous or daily minimum, maximum
temperature models severely underestimated chilling units,
and slight modifications offered little improvement for the
complex models. Only the Crossa Raynaud formula approximated
generally accepted...
The use of semi-volatile organic compounds (SOCs) as molecular markers to identify the contributions of regional and long-range atmospheric transport, as well as current and historic sources, and contaminant deposition in remote ecosystems of the Western U.S. was investigated. Trans-Pacific air masses influenced by Siberian biomass burning events had elevated...
The dynamics of N was studied in field grown Comice/Provence
quince BA29 pears in Medford, Oregon. Total tree biomass, N content,
and ¹⁵N evaluations suggest that young pears require little N (48 kg
N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). About 45% of total tree N present in dormant trees was
remobilized into new...
Theoretical derivations to describe pan evaporation, E[subscript p], and evapotranspiration, ET[subscript r], were developed based on a flow equation expressed as the product of the driving force for vapor between the evaporative surface and a plane of reference times a conductivity coefficient of vapor through air. Under the assumptions of...
Concern over the need to provide open space in communities
for recreation and other uses and to estimate the public values
involved is apparent to regional planners. This need, particularly
evident in natural resource planning, indicates that more sophisticated
analytical techniques be developed.
The primary thrust of this study is...
Detection of L-serine and D,L-alanine by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was measured in a two-choice Y-trough. Threshold concentration for olfactory
detection of L-serine was 10-8 M for zero-age parr, 1O-7 M for yearling parr, 10-5 M for smolts in late April-early May, and 10-6 M for smolts in June....
Summer drought is a major factor limiting the regrowth of perennial ryegrass seed crops. This phase of crop development has a strong influence on seed yield because most of the tillers that contribute towards next season's seed crop are produced or regrown during this period. In recent years many seed...
Knowledge of post-dispersal seed fates and other regeneration characteristics is
crucial for predicting abundances and distributions of populations and, ultimately,
community species composition and diversity. Seed fate studies, however, are rare
primarily due to the difficulty of determining seed fates and causes of mortality.
This thesis investigated post-dispersal seed fates...
Coho salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were transported at low and high densities. (12 and 120 g/L) for short and long periods (4 and 12 h). Because smolts can be transplanted directly to seawater, half of the fish in each treatment were transported to tanks containing seawater and half to tanks...
Inflorescence necrosis (IN) is a recently described disorder in grapes
characterized by partial or complete deterioration of the pedicel and rachis near
bloom. Elevated levels of ammonium in the rachis are associated with the
incidence of IN and hypothesized as the cause of the disorder. An incubation
system with single-node...
Genetic, ontogenetic, and environmental factors modified characteristic interrenal and glycemic responses to stress in juvenile salmonid fishes. During continuous confinement stress, plasma cortisol rose more quickly in chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, acclimated to high rather than medium or low temperatures; hyperglycemia following either acute or chronic stress was also highest...
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this thesis is to survey the current practices in
guidance services in the public secondary schools of British Columbia
and on the basis of the survey findings, together with a review of the
literature of guidance, to present recommendations for a feasible
program...
Wheat endosperm morphogenesis was studied by light microscopy
during the entire growth period of anthesis to maturity. Four
developmental stages have been described in this thesis: (1) double
fertilization, (2) formation of the lower endosperm cells, (3)
termination of nuclear divisions, and (4) initiation of protein
bodies.
The first manuscript...
Depleted species of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) from the Northeast Pacific experience high discard mortality due to "barotrauma," induced from the rapid change in pressure during capture. Research suggests rockfish have the potential to survive barotrauma if immediately recompressed, but the potential for long-term recovery is unknown. In this project, we...
Seed yield in perennial ryegrass is the product of yield components
that develop during the life of the plant. Crop yield potential is
defined by the number of fertile tillers, spikelets per spike, and
florets per spikelet. It has been shown that perennial ryegrass
realizes only a small percentage of...
The advent of improved DNA sequencing technologies has allowed the analysis of various microbial communities. Bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacteria can produce toxins and taste-and-odor compounds that can negatively affect drinking water supplies. Here, I have employed second- and third-generation sequencing technologies to characterize bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacterial genomes and their associated heterotrophic...
The structural architecture present in marine toxin azaspiracid - 20 stereocenters, 9 rings, 3 separated spirocenters - has attracted considerable synthetic attention. Our efforts toward the synthesis of azaspiracid have led to the completion of both C₁-C₂₆ northern and C₂₇-C₄₀ southern halves. Herein, the
synthesis of southern FGHI ring system...
Trained male cyclists (6 in study 1, 5 in study 2) cycled to exhaustion (EXH) at
75% of VO₂ max twice; once in the non-supplemented (NS) state and once in the vitamin
B-6 (B-6)(20 mg PN) supplemented (S) state. The diet contained 2.3 mg B-6 in study 1
and 1.9...
Two studies were conducted to determine the effect of varying vitamin B-6 (B- 6) status on lymphocyte mitogenic response and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in young women. In the first study, women were fed 1 mg/d for the first week and 1.5, 2.1 and...
Describing functions have traditionally been used to obtain the
solutions of systems of ordinary differential equations. In this
work the describing function concept has been extended to include
nonlinear, distributed parameter partial differential equations. A
three-stage solution algorithm is presented which can be applied to
any nonlinear partial differential equation....
Muitiregion annular geometry is a basic feature of energy removal
systems ranging from advanced heat exchangers to fission reactor fuel
rods. For the symmetric cases, the heat conduction through annular regions
is well defined. However, for a shift of an annular region, analysis
of the system must be made in...
Nanoparticles (NPs), defined as materials having at least one dimension (height, width, diameter) in the nanoscale, are increasingly being incorporated into a wide variety of products and are replacing traditional bulk materials in many applications. This is because they can be more efficacious, more sustainable, and can have unique characteristics...
This work entails both imaging and therapeutic applications of biomedical optics. In both contexts, an understanding of light transport in tissues is necessary. An overview of optical transport in tissues is given, including scattering theory. Digital Fourier holographic microscopy is introduced and applied as a means of metrology via optical...
The majority of teachers in the state of Oregon are White, prompting the state’s legislative bodies to explore and create ways to increase racial diversity in the profession. Contextually, both state level mandates and national accreditation bodies have attempted to address the lack of diversity amongst teachers in the K-12...
Major and minor minerals have been separated from
three L-6 chondritic meteorites (Alfianello, Colby (Wisconsin),
and Leedey). Olivine, hypersthene, diopside, feldspar,
troilite, chromite, phosphate minerals, and metallic
minerals were analyzed for major, minor and trace elements
using instrumental neutron activation analysis and radiochemical
neutron activation analysis techniques. Concentrations
df the...
To study the association between Fusarium root-rot resistance
(Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli) and economically inportant characteristics
of beans, 2259 lines each consisting of 30 plants were used.
The lines were randomly selected for root-rot reaction, but were
selected for differences in vigor and differences in plant and seed
pigments,...
The Pacific Northwest region of the United States is known for quality production of blueberries, blackberries, and red raspberries. However, as the climate shifts to warmer, drier, and more extreme summers, growing these water intensive berry crops is becoming increasingly difficult. Furthermore, water regulations within agriculture are becoming more prevalent...
Amendments and fertilizers applied to optimize crop production and improve soil health also supply inputs of soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrients that affect soil microorganisms. In the dairy-intensive Pacific Northwest, dairy manure is stored as slurry mixtures until conditions are appropriate for soil application. During storage, the manure begins...
Field trials were conducted during 2001 to 2003 to investigate soil population dynamics of Meloidogyne chitwoodi, tuber symptom suppression using oxamyl, and post-harvest tuber symptom development on short-season potato varieties Russet Norkotah and Russet Nugget (San Luis Valley only). The experiments were located in the San Luis Valley in Colorado,...
Esterase activity of an aqueous extract of the green bean was
separated into fourteen bands, while aqueous extracted pea esterases
revealed seven bands, by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The
fourteen bands of bean esterase activity formed three groups; slow,
intermediate and fast moving. α-Naphthyl acetate, propionate, and
n-butyrate and AS naphthol acetate...
'Marion' and 'Thornless Evergreen' blackberry volatiles were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FED) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on total percentage of FID area 'Thornless Evergreen' contains significantly more alcohols, hydrocarbons, and phenols than the 'Marion'; 'Marion' contains more acids and esters. Both cultivars contained comparable amounts of...
Progenies of two bean crosses were studied for inheritance of resistance to dry root rot caused by Fusarium solani f. phaseoli. O.S.C. 22 (P. vulgaris) was used in both crosses as the susceptible parent. A Mexican line (P. vulgaris) and a line 2014 of the runner bean (P. coccineus) were...
The primary goal of this study is to access the processes that alter primary melts after segregation from a mantle source and ultimately form petrologic Layers 2 and 3 of the Ocean Crust. Mineral, melt inclusion, and whole rock chemical compositions are utilized to further the understanding of 1) the...