The overall objective of the research reported here is to
empirically measure the ability of farmers to mitigate the impact of
rising electricity prices by substituting relatively inexpensive
alternative inputs. A dual cost methodology is employed because it
allows theoretically consistent derivation of own price and factor
substitution elasticities, conditional...
As a preliminary step toward the establishment of a
70 mm. aerial photo timber inventory system capable of
generating accurate stand tables, stock tables, and gross
volume estimates, this project focuses on the development
of a system which (1) eliminates the need to measure tree
height on the photos through...
Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) owners control a significant portion of forestland nationwide. Even though women own or manage NIPF lands, we know very little about how women manage forestland and what barriers women face in forest management. In addition, while there are several forestry organizations available to NIPF owners, few...
"An important limitation In the study of tree roots has traditionally been the time necessary to excavate roots without injuring their fine structure. Thus, many root studies have been based on small samples and consequently contain large errors of estimation. This Note describes how large numbers of root systems from...
Evaluation of four 35 mm film:lens combinations for estimating conifer mortality showed that large-scale true color images obtained with Kodak High Speed Ektachrome and color infrared images obtained with Kodak Ektachrome Infrared, both exposed through a 135 mm lens were best. Higher correlation coefficients were found for the true color:135...
This thesis explores the electrified female subject in two novels, Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie (1900) and Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth (1905). As cultural touchstones, two literary works that prominently feature electricity -- Henry James' story "In the Cage" and Henry Adams' biography The Education of Henry Adams --...
This thesis combines elements of forestry, interpersonal communication, and rhetoric to describe where residents of Coos Bay and North Bend Oregon obtain information about forests and forest uses, and how they view the credibility of that information. As a qualitative exploratory study, grounded theory methodology was used to develop theme...
The success of your business will strongly depend on what price tag you attach to your products—and whether your customers are willing to pay this price. Hence your strategic marketing planning should include considerations about how to adequately price your products/services right at the start. After reading this publication, you...
“Quality is Job 1”—this slogan is familiar to many people because it was used by Ford Motor Company for nearly 20 years. All businesses know the importance of quality—with respect to quality of products and quality of service. However, knowing specifically how to manage for quality is another matter. Here...
By nature, most entrepreneurs are "doers" rather than "planners." At the same time, we know that successful organizations, regardless of their size, must plan for the future. High-level strategic planning such as establishing the long-term direction of the company is critical, but useless without a plan for implementation. This "implementation...
This document outlines types and sources of information you might use in your marketing planning. A variety of sources are cataloged on the Oregon Wood Innovation Center web site. A concrete example from the experience of a local entrepreneur is provided.
Broad-scale estimates of above ground forest biomass (AGB) are typically produced by applying individual-tree equations to inventory data consisting of measurements from probabilistically or purposively selected trees. The associated uncertainty for these estimates depends primarily on three sources of error that interact and propagate: (1) measurement error, the quality of...
Improving existing and developing completely new products is an important part of maintaining a healthy business. This document outlines key principles of new product development, illustrated through the activities of a small sawmilling company.
Public relations is a key element of any company’s communications portfolio. For entrepreneurs, PR may be especially important because it comes at no direct cost and has a low total cost. This document outlines key principles of PR, illustrated by an example of a small sawmiller.
Effective and consistent communication with your customers is vital and should be approached in a holistic manner driven by customer needs, your marketing strategies, and key characteristics of your operation. This document outlines important principles of marketing communication, illustrated throughout with examples from two small, hypothetical companies. A worksheet is...
The purpose of this study was to determine if infection levels of dwarf mistletoe on ponderosa pine could be detected with color aerial photography. The photography was taken in early September using Kodak Ektachrome Infrared Aero and Ektachrome Aero films at scales of 1/4000, 1/2000, and 1/1000. Ground truth consisted...
Remote sensing technologies have proven useful and cost-efficient for quantifying various forest vegetation characteristics over multiple scales. However, significant limitations were encountered in each of two related experiments conducted to explore their potential to supplement or replace traditional, single-species biomass equations for estimation of ground vegetation and tree overstory on...
A per-segment classification system was developed to map aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands on Winter Ridge in central Oregon from remote sensing imagery. A 1-meter color infrared (CIR) image was segmented based on its hue and saturation values to generate aspen "candidates", which were then classified to show aspen coverage according...
This experiment was designed to investigate the use of volume
estimations from aerial photography and probability proportional to
size (PPS) sample selection in the development of a practical sampling
design for timber volume estimation on small land areas of
Pacific Northwest Douglas -fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii, Franco).
The major problem of...
Lidar is able to provide height and cover information which can be used to estimate selected forest attributes precisely. However, for users to evaluate whether the additional cost and complication associated with using Lidar merits adoption requires that the protocol to use lidar be thoroughly described and that a basis...
One of the most common practices regarding estimation of forest attributes is
the partitioning of large forested subpopulations into smaller areas of interest to
coincide with specific objectives of present and future forest management. New
estimators are needed to improve estimation of selected forest attributes in small areas
where the...
Parameters: Trip purpose, sign visibility, listenership, message quality, demographics
Research Area/Region: Transmitter location atop Hoodoo Butte, at Hoodoo Ski Resort.
The Hoodoo Butte is located within the Deschutes National Forest.
Site Location: The transmitter located atop Hoodoo Butte is permanent. The broadcasts
are played in a continuous cycling ioop The...
This toolkit is part of a larger project to employ innovative Extension techniques and technologies to engage a fast-growing yet traditionally underserved and socially disadvantaged segment of forest owners in the United States. This project is designed to engage women woodland owners with an empowering, peer-learning approach. The toolkit focuses...
The waving-wand system of broadcast chemical application implemented in swath widths to 40 ft (>12 m) is capable of simulating broadcast deposition patterns for herbicides similar to those delivered by helicopter. Drop sizes vary from center to edge of swaths, which can range from >1,000 to 5,000 microns (μ). Any...
This pictorial guide is primarily intended to serve as a backdrop for field tours of central Oregon that involve topics surrounding wildland fire. It also is designed to provide an
overview of the role of fire in the major ecosystems characteristic of this region. Topics covered include fire history, fire...
The development of personal computer software
coupled to an analytical stereoplotter allows major gains
in efficiency and accuracy in a number of forestry related
subjects. This thesis describes the operation of a system
developed by Carto Instruments.
This thesis demonstrates how area estimates might be
made in a systematic way...
Using historical maps and tools provided by GJS, the spatial patterns of
pre-logging forest conditions were quantified for three landscapes in western
Oregon. The spatial coincidence between forest patches and topographic
features was determined for slope gradient, aspect, elevation, and distance
from streams. Pre-logging and current forest compositions were compared....
The vegetation of a 420 square mile area of the
Oregon Coastal Mountain Range was mapped using data from
the multispectral scanner system aboard Landsat.
Advantages of this mapping system include rapid synoptic
coverage of the same geographic area at different
periods in time at a reduced cost compared to...
Aerial application of fosamine ammonium or glyphosate at moderate rates was not adequate for controlling understory brush before final harvesting of mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands or for reducing vigor of post-harvest sprouting. Symptoms of herbicide injury were those associated with low application rates, suggesting that the canopy intercepted too...
"One of the basic problems of forest management is that of restoring to
productivity denuded areas which cannot be expected to restock through natural means.
The most efficient method of regenerating such lands is that method which
provides adequate restocking in the shortest time with the least expense. Successful
direct...
Urban forests are an essential green infrastructure of our cities. Due to the proximity of urban trees to more than 250 million people and the grey infrastructure within United States cities, urban forests are uniquely positioned to provide a host of social, environmental and economic benefits. Careful management that maximizes...
Forest and wildlife habitat analyses were conducted
at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in the Central
Cascade Mountains of Oregon using remotely sensed data and
a geographic information system (GIS). Landsat Thematic
Mapper(TM) data were used to determine forest successional
stages, and to analyze the structure of both old and...
Historically the U.S. Forest Service has used uncorrected
aerial photographs to delineate proposed and past management
activities on the land base it manages. Transferring a boundary
from an image not planimetrically correct to a planimetrically
corrected image introduces errors. Positional accuracy of
boundaries affects the number of acres the Forest...
Accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass are needed to reduce uncertainties in the terrestrial carbon flux. The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) onboard the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite is now the first spaceborne lidar sensor that will provide global estimates of vegetation height. This study investigated the utility...
"Holes" with dead, dying, and downed trees in the forest canopy could be reliably identified on 9- by 9-inch Kodak Ektachrome Infrared Aero film 2443 as root disease centers. Film scales larger than 1:4000 were best for detection of these "holes."
Most commonly occurring causal organisms in root diseased trees...
Quantitative assessments of post-fire effects are key to improving our understanding of ecosystem resilience. While remote sensing technology has allowed us to assess post-fire landscape effects, we are often limited by the lack of information related to pre-fire forest attributes. As a result, our ability to interpret fire effects in...
Methods for obtaining accurate, spatially explicit estimates of biomass density in tropical forests are required to reduce uncertainties in the global carbon cycle, and to support international climate agreements and emerging carbon markets. Three-dimensional (3-D) remote sensing techniques sensitive to the vertical structure of vegetation provide a unique opportunity for...
The purpose of this study is to analyze women of colors's (WOC) experiences working within the United States Forest Service (USFS) accessing the challenges of recruitment, retention, and promotional efforts. Using testimonios and Anzaldúa's theory of mestiza consciousness, I found three themes that included white supremacist capitalist patriarchy, presumed incompetence,...
Improved monitoring of forest biomass is needed to quantify natural and anthropogenic effects on the terrestrial carbon cycle. Landsat's temporal and spatial coverage, fine spatial grain, and long history of earth observations provide a unique opportunity for measuring biophysical properties of vegetation across large areas and long time scales. However,...
Trees in a Douglas-fir stand infested with western spruce budworm were treated with a systemic insecticide to protect cone and seed production at three locations in Montana during 1983. Treatments applied were (1) acephate as an Acecap implant, (2) acephate as an Inject-A-Cide injection, and (3) control. Potential cone-bearing trees...