Numerous tests were applied to rainbow trout
of eleven months of age to determine whether
ascorbic acid is an essential element of the diet
of these fish. Although previous work had been
done on this question, conflicts in the results,
the large reliance upon abnormal symptoms such as
lordosis and...
Using ¹³C cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance techniques on 5 species of dead trees from the northwest (western hemlock, Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, lodgepole pine and ponderosa pine) I tracked the lignin and cellulose content over a 22 to 36 year period in order to determine the...
Thirteen healthy adult males, ages 20-40, consuming self selected
diets, were given instructions to take one 500 mg tablet of ascorbic
acid three times a day with their meals for a period of ten weeks. The
effect of this daily supplementation on copper status was investigated.
An estimation made from...
Recent developments in estimation of the survivability of a U.S. Navy transport barge in random seas are extended to improve accuracy. The single Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) model of a extreme roll response of a barge used in previous research is replaced by a 3-DOF roll-heave-sway model to include linear and nonlinear...
The purpose of this.investigation was to determine how enzymes and oxygen influence the role ascorbic acid has on pigment degradation and browning during storage for strawberry juice and concentrate.
The ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid content of blanched and unblanched, nitrogen-treated and air-exposed samples of strawberry juice and concentrate was measured...
Despite holding substantial ecological value, wetlands in the United States have experienced a significant decline in both area and function over the past century with the majority of freshwater wetland loss attributed to agricultural conversion. Agriculture is the second largest industry in the State of Oregon and the State places...
The effects of some soil- and foliar-borne biotic factors on
grain yield and the components of yield were evaluated using five
winter wheat varieties sown at two dates. Within each planting date,
varieties were grown under four different combinations of two soil
treatments (fumigation and nonfumigation) and two foliar treatments...
Parental and segregating populations derived from four winter x
spring wheat crosses were investigated to obtain information concerning
the inheritance and association of earliness, grain yield and yieldrelated
traits. Feasibility of selecting in early generations for these
characteristics was also evaluated. Four winter wheat cultivars
(Hyslop, Yamhill, Bezostaia 1, and...
An integrated sampling and gamma ray spectrometry system has
been developed for analysis of TRIGA reactor primary cooling water.
A microcomputer controls pumps and valves using BASIC and assembly
language programs to pump 300 ml liquid samples into a reference
geometry surrounding a Ge(Li) detector. Gamma ray spectra are
acquired...
A study to determine the effect of certain synthetic organic
insecticides on the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Test was
performed. BOD tests on a standard glucose-glutamic acid substrate
were conducted while in the presence of dieldrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
(DDT), or diazinon. From the BOD data, the following
parameters were obtained:
1....
One group of four adult White Leghorn male chickens was fed a
diet containing 7.3% linoleic acid and 32.4 mg/ kg of added vitamin E
(group IV) for 50 weeks which was designated as the positive control.
A second lot (group I) containing 14 males received the same level of...
Acute toxicity bioassays (96-hr TL₅₀) were employed to determine
the tolerance of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to inorganic
chloramines at the alevin (yolk sac fry), yolk absorption, and early
juvenile life stages. Any influence of changes in temperature, pH,
and total alkalinity on the tolerance of juvenile coho for chloramines...
Laboratory studies were conducted under different temperature and moisture regimes to evaluate the effects of temperature and moisture on stand establishment and seedling characteristics associated with stand establishment. Percent stand and days to 25% emergence were used as indexes of stand establishment. Seedling characteristics analyzed were: shoot length, coleoptile length,...
Four, six-rowed, spring barley cultivars were used as
parental material in this study. The parents were distinctly different
in plant height. Washington-6124-62 is a standard height
selection while Short Wocus and Minn. 66-102 are intermediate.
The fourth parent was a dwarf selection obtained from India. The
two intermediate cultivars and...
Four-fold partially purified glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
(G-6-PDH) from the obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium
Vibrio marinus was effected by thermally induced leakage of the
enzyme, ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography
on Sephadex G-200 gel.
The effects of temperature, pressure, salinity, and pH were
determined for the various degrees of enzyme purity....
The MODIS NBAR (M0D43B4) data space is explored in terms of biophysical variables with the objective of formulating a MODIS transformation relevant to global vegetation studies. The basic ideas of transform formulation were borrowed from the development of the TM Tasseled Cap transformation, but with differences in sampling strategy and...
Parents and progeny populations from a cross of 'Stephens'x 'Tibet dwarf' were grown in a spaced-planted experiment to obtain information concerning the nature of inheritance and possible associations between grain yield and the components of yield. Agronomic traits measured on an individual plant basis were: heading date, days to maturity,...
As climate change contributes to larger and more severe wildfires in California, areas of fire refugia – considered unburned and low-severity burn patches – are playing an increasingly important role in sustaining ecosystem resilience, maintaining biodiversity, and supporting post-disturbance recovery. At the same time, climate refugia – which are areas...
The goal of this study was to better understand stream communities through a perspective that might make their structure, organization, and development more understandable. This goal was approached
through the following objectives:
1. To determine the assemblages of stream organisms and define subsystems within a stream community.
2. To explain...
The seeds of Douglas fir, a representative of the gymnosperm
flora, were studied at six stages of germination to discern the structures
of food reserves and to study ultrastructural changes occurring
during germination in the embryo and resulting seedlings.
The materials were fixed in three fixatives, dehydrated with
ethanol series,...
Concern regarding the lack of genetic variability and the apparent yield plateau reached in wheat breeding have prompted this investigation. The systematic crossing of spring and winter wheat types which have evolved to form somewhat different gene pools, may provide a source of additional usable genetic variability for future yield...
Three stem rust Puccinia graminis graminicola, resistant sources of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne, 4A, 48A, and 77A, were crossed in a partial diallel design with one susceptible source, MP-2, resulting in six crosses excluding reciprocals. The F1's and cloned parental populations were inoculated in the field and rated on a...
This investigation was conducted to provide information regarding
1) the relationship between the nitrogen percentage in the vegetative
tissue of wheat and barley at various growth stages with grain protein
and 2) to evaluate the possible association between grain yield
and grain protein as influenced by different cultivars, nitrogen
levels...
Five genetically and morphologically different winter wheat
cultivars, Hyslop (H), Yamhill (Y), Paha (P), Luke (L), and Sprague
(5) were blended in all possible combinations. These composites
plus the five pure stands were planted in the fall of 1973 at three
environmentally diverse locations in Oregon: Hyslop Agronomy Farm,
Corvallis;...
Factors which influence the effectiveness of making early generation
selections within bulk populations were investigated. Material
utilized included the parents, F₁, and F₂ through F₅ bulk populations
resulting from a diallel cross. Information concerning the response
of two traits, plant height and grain yield, was obtained for these populations
at...
The Asian noodle market is responsible for the increased volume of wheat
imported to that region in recent years. Soft white wheat produced in the Pacific
Northwest is mainly used for baked products, whereas an Australian wheat,
Australian Standard White, is preferred for noodles. To enter this market soft
white-wheat...
Until recently, the viscoamylograph had been the primary method for
measuring starch as it relates to noodle quality in wheat. This method
requires a large sample of flour and is time consuming. With the introduction
of the rapid visco-analyser (RVA) in 1986 and the more recent flour swelling
volume procedure,...
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the major food crop produced
on the Anatolian Plateau of Turkey where due to limited
rainfall the farmers follow the traditional system of fallow
farming. They are presently producing an average of 1.15
tons of grain per hectare during the crop year. This rate
of production...
Aquatic communities consisting of guppies, amphipods, copepods, snails, nematodes, rotifers, protozoans, euglenoid flagellates, and other microorganisms were established in sixteen laboratory microcosms. Guppies were exploited at four different levels (0 percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, and 40 percent of the population biomass) with four communities at each level of exploitation....
Three chemicals SD 55446, SD 55447 and WL 84245 were found to
induce male sterility in cultivars of wheat or triticale. Both SD 55446
and SD 55447 when applied at a concentration of 0.896 kg/ha resulted
in 90% male sterility. However, SD 55447 caused female sterility at
the same concentration...
Pre-harvest sprouting in wheat costs farmers millions of dollars every year. Pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (PST) has minimized this problem, but improvement of PST is still necessary. Synthetic hexaploid wheats (synthetics) have been used as sources of
genes coding for many useful traits. Two studies evaluated the PST of a synthetic...
Concerns about the genetic control and environmental influence
of various stages of development including the grain filling period,
and the relationship between early maturity and grain yield prompted
this study.
The experimental material consisted of two facultative and two
winter wheat cultivars. A dial!el cross, excluding reciprocals, was
also developed...
The success of a plant breeding program depends upon the availability of
useable genetic diversity. Such diversity may be enhanced depending on the type of
hybridization strategy employed. Segregating progenies resulting from F2
populations, a double cross, and a top cross were compared for the amount of
useable genetic diversity...
Differential grain yield response of two winter wheat cultivars
('Yamhill' and'McDermid) when grown on acid soils prompted this investigation.
Root samples were taken at two soil depths at late
tillering and anthesis from plots established on an acid nonpareil
soil in Douglas County, Oregon. The soil pH was 5.2-5.3 and...
Effective chemical control of pollination would
provide an alternative to the cytoplasmic male-sterile
system in hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production.
The objective of this study was to determine
concentration, formulation, growth stage of application
and genotypic effects on levels of induced pollen
suppression and subsequent natural out-crossing from
foliar...
Four agronomically and genetically diverse winter wheat parents
were utilized as the experimental organisms. Atlas 66 and NB 68513
were selected as cultivars with a high and stable protein content when
grown under different environmental condidtions. They are intermediate
for grain yield when grown in the Pacific Northwest. Yamhill
and...
The objective of this study was to compare three genetically
different groups of winter wheat for their grain yield. Experimental
material consisted of parental lines grown in pure stands, hybrids, and
1:1 mixtures of the parental combinations. Three sites were employed to
evaluate possible interactions between the different groups across...
Physical properties of gluten and pigment content are of primary importance in determining quality in durum wheat (Triticum turqidum L. var. durum). The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the contribution of different -y-gliadin protein subunits in durum wheat pasta quality as measured by the sodium dodecyl sulphate microsedimentation...
Grain yield and grain protein are often negatively associated in
wheat. When yield increases and grain protein decreases, there can be
an adverse effect on the milling and baking quality if the desired end
product is bread flour. It has been suggested that this inverse
association is the result of...
A framework is presented for a more causal explanation and ordering of stream characteristics than traditional means have used. Patterns of stream habitat distribution are related to particular characteristics of the geomorphology of watersheds. Variability in stream characteristics can be explained by the spatial distribution of properties of the watershed...
Durum wheat cultivars for North-Eastern Oregon have to be competitive
in terms of their yield potential with soft white winter wheat cultivars and meet
strict quality requirements of the milling industry. Combining the high yield
potential of fall planted durum wheat cultivars which have an acceptable level of
winter hardiness...
Immature embryo explants taken eight days after anthesis were used
to establish callus cultures of spring barley. Two types of calli
were observed. A soft watery callus which produced a limited number
of shoots and a harder yellowish callus that gave rise to numerous
green primordia and shoots. Gamborg's B5...
The need to develop a shorter life cycle wheat cultivar which
would be more adapted to multiple cropping systems prompted this
study. Thus the following information was obtained.
Greatest variations in developmental patterns were found in the
stem elongation, booting, inflorescence emergence and anthesis for
five winter and five spring...
Crosses between four near isogenic lines for height reducing genes
Rht₁ and Rht₂ and one agronomically superior dwarf line, including
generations through F₃ with reciprocal backcrosses constituted the
experimental materials. Mean, range and standard deviation values for
eleven traits pertaining to the different generations were obtained.
Heterosis and inbreeding depression...
Four isogenic lines possessing different combinations of height
reducing genes Rht₁ and Rht₂ from 'Norin 10' were crossed to a short
stature, early maturing, septoria susceptible cultivar identified as the
'Tibet Dwarf'. The isogenic lines originated from the backcross
population of 'Itana'/3/'Norin 10'/'Brevor 14'//6*'Itana'. Parents, F₁
and F₂ generations provided...
Ten wheat crosses (four winter x spring and six winter x winter)
involving F₃ and F₄ generations and their respective winter parents
were used to determine whether the early generation selection would
be effective for kernel hardness and grain protein content. In
1980, twenty individual F₂ plants were selected with...
Concerns about the possible reciprocal differences resulting from
systematic crossings of winter and spring wheat gene pools prompted
this investigation. If traits can be improved by simply reversing the
direction of a cross, then identification of the best female parent in
a cross would be helpful for breeding programs.
Two...
Concerns regarding the most effective means of evaluating
segregating generations of spring barley prompted this investigation. Three methods of selection were considered: bulk, pedigree, and single seed descent. F₆ lines derived by each method
were grown in a replicated yield trial. The effectiveness of each
method was measured in terms...
The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and amountof genetic variation and possible associations between winterhardinessand earliness in winter x spring wheat crosses.Four winter wheat cultivars selected for differences in earlinessand winterhardiness were crossed with a nonhardy, day length insensitivespring wheat cultivar. The following year, experiments containing...
The response of two newly released cultivars of winter wheat
when grown under different row spacings, seeding rates and nitrogen
levels were investigated. Measurements made included grain yield,
tiller number per unit area, plant height, 300 kernel weight, bushel
weight and protein content of the grain. Hyslop and Yamhill cultivars...
Extensive research has been devoted to evaluating potential
genotype-environment interactions. However, plant breeders are still in
need of a simple way to describe how genotypes respond to different
locations and years. In an environmentally diverse state like Oregon,
significant genotype-environment interactions do occur The resulting lack
of association between actual...
The nature of the genetic variation associated with a cross involving winter and spring wheat parents for four quality factors was evaluated. Yamhill, a soft white winter wheat, and Inia 66, a hard red spring wheat, were selected as parents for this study. They represented distinctly different phenotypes for the...
To remain competitive in the international marketplace,
soft white wheat cultivars grown in the Pacific Northwest
must have consistent and predictable flour properties
including kernel texture. As a consequence, there is a need
to develop wheat cultivars for specific end uses. Wheat
cultivars with very soft kernels are used largely...
A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
procedure using a LiChrosorb-NH₂ column and a eluant
buffer of 75:25 (v/v) of acetonitrile:0.05 M KH₂P0₄, pH
5.95, was developed for the successful separation and
determination of ascorbic and erythorbic acids in selected
food samples.
Application of the method, which is sensitive, rapid
and...
The relative enrichment of skin sebaceous gland lipids with deuterium-labeled α-tocopherol was compared with plasma enrichment to evaluate the delivery of vitamin E to skin. For the first week of this study, each subject consumed a daily dose of deuterated vitamin E (150 mg of an equimolar mixture of RRR-α-[5-(C²H₃)]-(d₃)...
In this thesis, the reduction of neural networks is studied. A new, largely automatic method is developed for reducing a neural network, and its capabilities are analyzed and compared with current methods. An example is presented that is irreducible via existing techniques, but is reducible by the new method. Factors...
Accurate estimation of live and dead biomass in forested ecosystems is important for
studies of carbon dynamics, biodiversity, and wildfire behavior, and for forest management.
Lidar remote sensing has been used successfully to estimate live biomass, but studies focusing
on dead biomass are rare. We used lidar data, in conjunction...
In small forested streams, changes in age and structure of riparian vegetation covering the stream have been shown to directly influence the amount of light reaching the stream benthos. Light has the potential to impact in-stream resources that support secondary production through constraints on primary productivity. The influence of landscape...
Protracted drought in the southwest U.S. has had significant impacts on the region’s keystone ecosystem, the pinyon-juniper (PJ) woodlands. Drought conditions in 9 of the last 10 years, exacerbated by extreme drought in one year, stressed the pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) trees, making them highly vulnerable to native ips beetles...
Let A be an n x n real, symmetric matrix with distinct characteristic values λ₁, λ₂,...,λɴ. Then there exists an orthogonal matrix P such that PAPᵀ = Λ = (λi). Given a small symmetric change, ∆A, in the matrix A, we can calculate the resulting changes, ∆P, and ∆Λ, in...
A comparison of two procedures which allocate inspection effort
within a production sequence is presented here. The concern
for quality and the need to hold down the costs of quality has resulted
in mathematical models which locate inspection so that the
desired quality is attained at a minimum cost.
In...
A study of the effects of stabilized and unstabilized kraft mill effluents on the production of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in six laboratory streams was conducted at the Pacific Cooperative Water Pollution Laboratories, Oregon State University-from May through August, 1969. Similar salmon biomasses were stocked in each stream. Changes in...
The abundances of 12 elements, Fe, A1, Na, Ni, Cr, Mn,
Co, Ca, Sc, Ir, Sm and Eu have been determined by INAA in 61
individual chondrules (0.1-100 mg) separated from five Allende (C3)
meteoritic fragments ( 25g). Ti and V have been determined in 18
of these chondrules, and...
This paper is a metallurgical study of the microstructure of a
cobalt base hard facing alloy to determine the cause for inconsistant
wear properties. Wear tests on a Stellite 6 alloy, deposited using
oxyacetylene welding techniques, resulted in a wide range of weight
losses.
Microscopic examination has revealed the probable...
A 140 bed community hospital was the setting where the development
and evaluation of a computer aided patient profile review system took
place. This clinically oriented system involved the review of patient's
drug regimen, diet, allergies, and laboratory tests for well documented
contraindications or interactions. The pharmacist was involved in...
The sample ratio of sublegal to legal male crabs retained in crab
pots was used in calculations to predict future harvest of Dungeness
crabs, Cancer magister, along the Oregon coast. Accurate predictions
by this method require a sample ratio representative of the population
ratio. I sampled the Oregon Dungeness crab...
Rhabdocoels of the genus Paravortex are parasites of marine
molluscs. The bent-nosed clams, Macoma nasuta(Conrad, 1837) of
Yaquina Bay, Lincoln County, Oregon are commonly infected with a new
species of Paravortex. The morphology of the adult worm has been
described and it has been compared to the other three species...
The investigation was conducted from January 1965 to March
1966. An intensive effort was made to obtain large numbers of animals,
as it is believed that unavailability of specimens has been the
limiting factor in the amount of research concerning this species.
Two hundred and sixty-nine animals were collected. They...
Dungeness crab is an important fishery on the Pacific Coast.
The processing subsystem of the fishery is hampered by a variety of
problems that have acted to impede technological innovations that
could improve efficiency and sanitation in seafood plants. This paper
provides background for problems encountered by the processors, discusses...
The HENRI system was developed to narrow the pulse width of TREAT from 89 ms to below 60 ms with the goal of improving the test reactor's ability to simulate RIAs in LWRs by rapidly injecting helium-3, a strong neutron poison, into the core. A coupled model using the CFD...
An in vitro study was conducted to investigate the metabolism and distribution of Se⁷⁵-selenite and Se⁷⁵-selenomethionine (SEM) in
chick blood. Se⁷⁵-selenite is taken up by RBC (13% within 20
minutes) and expelled into the plasma to become bound to proteins. In
contrast, Se⁷⁵-SEM showed a more gradual and continuous buildup...
Accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass are needed to reduce uncertainties in the terrestrial carbon flux. The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) onboard the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite is now the first spaceborne lidar sensor that will provide global estimates of vegetation height. This study investigated the utility...
Understanding the causal links between riparian forests, streams, and salmonids is important to help understand the likely effects of forest management practices. Previous studies have identified three major causal pathways (Instream Cover, Light, and Hydrology) through which riparian forests influence streams, and ultimately stream fishes. To evaluate the potential importance...
Contemporary stream restoration efforts increasingly prioritize restoring natural stream processes to regain lost ecosystem functions. Stage 0 stream restoration resets disturbed, channelized streams to a theoretical pre-disturbance state (“stage zero”). It is assumed that this valley-scale restoration/disturbance will restore natural abiotic and biotic processes, leading to greater primary and secondary...