"The purpose of this publication is to compile a standardized set of terminology for mechanized logging machinery and logging methods for the Pacific Northwest. While other organizations have produced similar works with either a wider or narrower focus (Dean and Evans 1978, Mifflin and Lysons 1979, Ford-Robertson 1983, Granvik et...
Our diagram is intended to provide general guidance in density management of red alder. The management zone defines a reasonable compromise between individual-tree and stand growth and mortality. Factors considered in its formation include desired tree size at harvest, growth rate, and yield per acre. Social and legal constraints, as...
Equations for predicting diameter growth are an essential component of single-tree growth and yield models (Munro 1974). Diameter
growth predictions are used to characterize individual-tree development and to project the growth of stand basal area and volume. Both diameter growth and basal area growth have been used as the dependent...
Recognition of the problems and opportunities in mechanized harvesting should help in development of solutions and maximum realization of its potential. This paper presents feedback from five working groups, the members of which were involved in mechanized harvesting issues with various organizations in the Pacific Northwest. The groups identified needs...
Summaries from 49 published articles on tree volume and taper equations are presented for 39 tree species found in California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, southeast Alaska, Idaho, and western Montana. The summaries are organized by species and then by type of equation (volume or taper). Each summary describes the types...
Summaries from 49 published articles on site-index and dominant-height growth curves and equations are presented for 20 tree species or species groups found in California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, southeastern Alaska, Idaho, and western Montana. The summaries are organized by species. Each summary describes the modeling approach, type of curves/equations,...
This publication brings together in one place information on the general characteristics, biology and management, harvesting and utilization, wood characteristics, and related literature of Pacific Northwest hardwoods. Species included are bigleaf maple, black cottonwood, California black oak, California-laurel, giant chinkapin, Oregon ash, Oregon white oak, Pacific madrone, red alder, and...
a. Overview -- b. Vine maple : Acer circinatum Pursh -- c. Red alder : Alnus rubra Bong. -- d. Tanoak : Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook & Arn.) Rehd. -- e. Salmonberry : Rubus spectabilis Pursh -- f. Glossary -- g. Associated literature.
Equations for predicting height from diameter outside bark at breast height (DBH) were generated for 24 tree species in western Oregon. The equations were based on the asymptotic Chapman-Richards function. Because geographic location and site productivity may influence height-diameter relationships, height-diameter measures from 8727 plots were first grouped by site...
"In 1954, Dr. Helge Irgens-Moller initiated a rangewide collection of seed and seedlings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Nearly 700 trees or stands were sampled in 10 western states, Canada, and Mexico. From 1957 to 1971, 639 of these collections were planted in the Hospital Tract Rangewide Source Archive...
This annotated bibliography was compiled to provide a comprehensive list of sources on the ecological factors that affect forest regeneration. Abstracts from 494 publications are indexed by author, species, and subject, and are arranged into 4 major sections. Topics include the effects of biotic factors, abiotic factors, and stand and...
Trials to achieve optimal bucking were made with updated OSU-BUCK software in an eastern and a western Oregon location during the summers of 1993 and 1994. The commercial version of the software allows tagging of each log with bar-code identification numbers and therefore provides tracking from stump to customer. Data...
Largest crown width (LCW) equations for stand-grown trees were developed for 14 tree species found in western Oregon. The equations are used in the growth-and-yield model ORGANON and in the stand-visualization program VIZ4ST. They were constructed such that LCW equals the maximum crown width
of open-grown trees when the crown...
Hann and Scrivani (1987) developed dominant height growth equations for Douglas- fir in southwest Oregon using stem analysis data sets with an upper age of approximately 125 years at breast height. The objective of this study was to determine whether these equations could be extrapolated for ages of 250 years...
Logging planning and layout costs were examined for commercial thinning of 40- to 50-yr-old stands of Douglas-fir on the Willamette National Forest in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. The study consisted of four replications of three silvicultural treatments. Thinning involved three types of logging systems: mechanized cut-to-length (a combination of...
Production rates and costs for skyline harvesting were examined over a range of residual thinning intensities, operational methods, and sites. The sites included three stands of 40- to 50-yr-old Douglas-fir on the Willamette National Forest in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Three silvicultural treatments were studied at two sites, and...
Naturally durable woods have a variety of commercial uses. Natural resistance to decay has been evaluated in field and laboratory tests of wood from many species, but there are few places where commercial wood users can find comparative assessments of natural durability. In this report, previous studies have been used...
Work-study guidelines were developed using field data from thinning sites in the Oregon Cascade Range. Regression of detailed time study and shift-level data predicted harvesting production rates. Statistical analysis showed the relative difference in the discriminating power between shift-level studies versus detailed time studies. Indicator variables tested if there were...
This publication is aimed at watershed councils, government agencies, and specialists (foresters, wildlife and fisheries biologists) interested in riparian area silviculture or watershed restoration. It contains information on the ecology of riparian forests and a checklist of recommended practices and common mistakes made in restoring conifers to hardwood-dominated riparian forests....
Three equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter (outside
bark) at breast height are presented for six species found in coastal regions of
the Pacific Northwest. Foresters can use these “height–diameter” equations
to avoid the time-consuming task of measuring heights of all individual trees
in an inventory,...
Untreated and preservative-treated fence posts were exposed in soil at a test site near Corvallis, OR. Several species, including western juniper and Osage-orange, showed exceptional natural durability. Preservative treatment generally extended the useful life of the posts, but the degree of protection varied with the chemical and the application method.
This paper comprises two major sections. In the first, tests of the influence of several application factors on efficiency of silvicultural herbicides are described for evergreen shrub, deciduous shrub, and herbaceous forest vegetation in Oregon and California. The second presents decision trees illustrating how to use the experimental results and...
Equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter outside bark at
breast height are presented for various tree species common to southwest
Oregon. Data for damaged and undamaged trees were analyzed with weighted
nonlinear regression techniques. The effects of specific damaging agents and
their severity on the height-diameter...
Oregon State University researchers conducted a survey in 1994 of non-industrial private forest (NIPF) landowners in western Oregon and western Washington. Private forests provide valuable ecological services, such as fish and wildlife habitat, and are also partially filling the gap created by recent reductions in federal timber harvest in the...
For the past ten years, Douglas-fir on the Oregon and Washington coast has shown a progressive decrease in height and diameter increment as a result of Swiss needle cast, which is caused by Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii. In this contribution, we discuss the effects of silvicultural operations on Swiss needle cast and...
Equations for predicting height to crown base are presented for tree species from southwest Oregon. Equations for undamaged and damaged trees were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. The effects of specific damaging agents on the height to crown base were explored, and damage correction factors were estimated. The damage...
This annotated bibliography was compiled to provide forest managers with a comprehensive list of sources on the potential effects of silvicultural activities on wildlife and fish populations in Pacific Northwest forests. The bibliography emphasizes publications directly examining silvicultural activities and responses by these populations. Abstracts from 296 publications are indexed...
Equations for predicting the probability of a tree's dying in the
next 5 years are presented for eight conifer and eight hardwood
tree species from southwest Oregon. A logistic equation form was
used to characterize the probability of mortality. The parameters
of the equation were estimated using weighted, maximum likelihood...
This handbook is is a comprehensive guide to building and maintaining cost-effective, environmentally acceptable logging roads. It is aimed specifically at nonindustrial private woodland owners in western Oregon and Washington, but it draws on basic forest road engineering principles and practices applicable in other forestry settings. The text is written,...
In this analysis, volume-flow and market-based models of the western Oregon timber sector are developed. The volume-flow model finds the maximum, long-term, even-flow level of cut for each ownership (industry and non-industrial private forest). The market model simulates the interaction of log demand and timber owner supply to find the...
Riparian areas in the Pacific Northwest have traditionally been a source of natural resources, such as timber and grazing, and have been used as transportation corridors and homestead sites. A primary impact of use has been the removal of riparian trees, the crowns and roots of which provide shade and...
Equations for predicting the 5-yr diameter-growth rate of a tree are presented for eight conifer and nine hardwood tree species from southwest Oregon. Equation parameters for undamaged and damaged trees combined were estimated by weighted nonlinear regression. The resulting equation for Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] explained more than 71%...
Using existing permanent research plot data, we developed equations for predicting height-to-crown-base (HCB), 5-yr diametergrowth rate (delta D), 5-yr height-growth rate (delta H), 5-yr mortality rate (PM), and the maximum size-density trajectory for Douglasfir and western hemlock in the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest. With the exception of the...
Equations for predicting the 5-yr height growth rate of a tree are presented for six conifer species from southwest Oregon. Equations for the combination of undamaged and damaged trees were estimated with weighted nonlinear regression techniques. These equations are being incorporated into the new southwest Oregon version of ORGANON, a...
Growing stock inventory on industrial and nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) lands in eastern Oregon has declined over the past 20 yr, as harvesting and mortality losses to insects and disease have outpaced growth. Over the same time period, harvest rates on private lands have varied, with no distinct trend to...
The LAndscape Management Policy Simulator (LAMPS) model, version 1.1, is a spatial simulation model developed to provide forest landscape planning simulations for the Coastal Landscape Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS). It is designed to help policymakers, managers, and planners think through alternative management scenarios and their potential effects on the...
This annotated bibliography is a response to widespread interest in stream habitat improvement in the Pacific Northwest by land managers, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and the lay public. Several guides to stream habitat improvement have been written in the past, but may not be easily accessible to people from diverse...
Equations and tables predicting gross total stem volumes in cubic feet are presented for Douglas-fir, grand fir, white fir, ponderosa pine, sugar pine, and incense-cedar. The data were gathered in second-growth, mixed-conifer stands of southwest Oregon. The basic equations use diameter outside bark at breast height and total tree height...
This paper is a detailed description of a method for calculating and analyzing losses and recoveries in a veneer peeling/clipping operation. The method involves filming veneer sheets as they exit the clipper, digitizing this film, and using the digitized information in a computer analysis.
This publication collates the published ranges of fuelwood characteristics for 33 conifer and 20 hardwood species in the Pacific Northwest. The following characteristics are covered: specific gravity, percent moisture content, higher heating value, and percent ash of wood and bark; percent bark by volume; and ultimate analysis (percent carbon, hydrogen,...
Equations for predicting total height as a function of diameter at breast height are presented for 17 tree species from southwest Oregon. Because basal area and site index often influence tree height, additional equations are presented which may include either or both of these as independent variables. Equation coefficients were...
Equations are presented for predicting height to crown base (or bole ratio) for fourteen species of trees common to the mixed-conifer zone of southwest Oregon. Nonlinear regression was used to fit a weighted logistic function for each species. The independent variables include height, crown competition factor in larger trees, stand...
Equations for predicting tree height as a function of diameter
outside bark at breast height are presented for 16 tree species
from the central western Willamette Valley of Oregon. Foresters
can use these "height-diameter" equations to avoid the time consuming
task of measuring heights of all individual trees in an...
The goal of this study is to analyze how the ISC Conservation Strategy may influence Oregon's timber availability and economy in the context of overall changes in public land management. Two themes are important: first, how the state's future will differ from today and second, how the state's future will...
This pictorial guide is primarily intended to serve as a backdrop for field tours of central Oregon that involve topics surrounding wildland fire. It also is designed to provide an
overview of the role of fire in the major ecosystems characteristic of this region. Topics covered include fire history, fire...
In this case study, an Oregon softwood lumber company faces deteriorating market conditions and loss of market share for its 2 x 10 and 2 x 12 floor joists in the southern California market. The evolution of the marketplace and the growth in market share of wood I-joists are explained...
In this case study, Willamette Industries, Inc. explores the potential of environmental marketing. The company conducted research to determine the views of their customer base. Based on this information and a description of the company’s external
environment, students are asked to recommend a marketing strategy.
This case study describes in detail how to conduct a performance review of forest product industries. This case study uses the paper industry for illustration, but the principles and methods presented are such that you will be able to conduct a performance review in any industry.
In this case, the student is a senior partner in Corporate Planning Group (CPG), a strategy-consulting firm. The principals of National Systems, Inc. (the company) have retained CPG to develop a 5-year strategic marketing program to (1) strengthen current markets and (2) develop new markets for the company’s line of...
The waving-wand system of broadcast chemical application implemented in swath widths to 40 ft (>12 m) is capable of simulating broadcast deposition patterns for herbicides similar to those delivered by helicopter. Drop sizes vary from center to edge of swaths, which can range from >1,000 to 5,000 microns (μ). Any...
Effective and consistent communication with your customers is vital and should be approached in a holistic manner driven by customer needs, your marketing strategies, and key characteristics of your operation. This document outlines important principles of marketing communication, illustrated throughout with examples from two small, hypothetical companies. A worksheet is...
Public relations is a key element of any company’s communications portfolio. For entrepreneurs, PR may be especially important because it comes at no direct cost and has a low total cost. This document outlines key principles of PR, illustrated by an example of a small sawmiller.
Recently released national forest plans and conservation plans for the protection of the northern spotted owl all call for a change in management direction on public forest lands in Oregon. The result will be a substantial reduction in public timber harvests in the state. This report summarizes how the conservation...
In September 1991, the Bureau of Land Management asked the Secretary of the Interior to convene the Endangered Species Committee. The Bureau wanted permission to proceed with 44 timber sales In Oregon that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service had ruled would jeopardize the continued existence of the northern spotted...
This paper provides a primer on research in the field of public involvement in natural resource decision making. Previous studies are synthesized and organized into three areas: (1 ) goals of public involvement, (2) principles related to implementing public involvement programs, and (3) evaluation of public involvement methods. A bibliography...
Improving existing and developing completely new products is an important part of maintaining a healthy business. This document outlines key principles of new product development, illustrated through the activities of a small sawmilling company.
This document outlines types and sources of information you might use in your marketing planning. A variety of sources are cataloged on the Oregon Wood Innovation Center web site. A concrete example from the experience of a local entrepreneur is provided.
By nature, most entrepreneurs are "doers" rather than "planners." At the same time, we know that successful organizations, regardless of their size, must plan for the future. High-level strategic planning such as establishing the long-term direction of the company is critical, but useless without a plan for implementation. This "implementation...
Oregon leads the U.S. in the number and extent of established collaborative groups on national forests. Understanding similarities and differences in Oregon’s current forest collaboratives may aid more informed approaches to peer learning, policy, and technical assistance in public and private land natural resource management across the U.S. West. Our...
The organizational capacity of natural resource collaborative groups can be an important factor in how effective they are at meeting their goals. This brief reviews the leadership committees of five forest collaboratives working on similar issues in eastern Oregon. It is intended to help new and existing groups best utilize...
We conducted a case study of the process for developing ZOA created by the Blue Mountains Forest Partners (BMFP), a collaborative group established in 2006 and focused on the northern portion of the Malheur National Forest in Grant County. This group was one of the first to formalize their ZOA,...
“Quality is Job 1”—this slogan is familiar to many people because it was used by Ford Motor Company for nearly 20 years. All businesses know the importance of quality—with respect to quality of products and quality of service. However, knowing specifically how to manage for quality is another matter. Here...
Diverse stakeholders and land management agencies are increasingly working together in “forest collaborative” groups to meet ecological, economic, and social goals on Oregon’s public lands. Many collaboratives focus on science-based ecosystem restoration. One such group is the Deschutes Collaborative Forest Project (DCFP) in central Oregon, which seeks to increase forest...
Because all life on Earth begins with plants capturing energy from the sun, the living things that you see around you are essentially sunlight. Sunlight energy helps transform carbon dioxide in the air into living plant tissues made of carbon materials such as sugars, starches, and fibers.
Which is more alive: a live tree or a dead tree? Dr. Mark Harmon studies how dead trees on the forest floor can provide habitat for many living organisms.
The success of your business will strongly depend on what price tag you attach to your products—and whether your customers are willing to pay this price. Hence your strategic marketing planning should include considerations about how to adequately price your products/services right at the start. After reading this publication, you...
Wood-plastic composites are made out of recycled materials such as pallets and milk jugs. Combining these materials offers a way to reduce waste and create a durable material. Simonsen and Kai-Chang Li work to create stronger, more affordable composites. Featuring Dr. John Simonsen and Dr. Kai-Chang Li.
Mushrooms are found lots of places, such as beneath trees or on woody debris. Dr. Nancy Weber however found mushrooms in a spot most people wouldn't expect to look, in the canopy.