Radioactive chromium-51, a waste byproduct from operation
of nuclear reactors at Hanford, Washington, has been followed down
the Columbia River and into the Pacific Ocean. Chemical factors
influencing the partitioning of ⁵¹Cr between solution and sediment
have been considered.
Chromium-5l, in a hexavalent oxyanion when introduced into the
Columbia River,...
Monthly samples of nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton
were taken in the Columbia River estuary over a period of 16 months
in order to determine distribution with season and salinity, and interrelationships
between plankton and nutrients.
Nitrate and phosphate levels in the river water entering the
estuary are high in the...
Our major effort since initiation of this contract has been directed
toward (1) procuring the gamma-ray spectrometric equipment and integrating
the components into an operational system, and (2) analyzing
the samples obtained from the midwater trawl program of the Department
of Oceanography and evaluating and interpreting the resulting data
Analyses...
This report covers the first full year of operation of our gammaray
spectrometry facility. A part of the contract period was devoted
to calibration of the instrument, and therefore, a brief report on this
procedure is included.
Research on the application of soluble, metal chelates for
water tracing using thermal neutron activation analysis for tracer
determination has led to the development of several tracers with
promising solution stabilities (conservative behavior) and determination sensitivities. The solution stabilities of the ethylenediamine
tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid...
Levels of ⁶⁵Zn in water, sediments, plants, and animals in
Alder Slough, a small ecosystem in the Columbia River Estuary,
were determined periodically during a one year period. Concentrations
of total Zn in organisms were also measured to permit
computation of specific activities (μCi⁶⁵Zn/g total Zn). Temporal
fluctuations in the...
Flexible aerodynamic surfaces have been shown to favorably influence flight characteristics at low Reynolds numbers by increasing lift, angle of attack at stall, and resistance to perturbation. The objective of the research presented within this thesis is to investigate the influence of two aspects of flight observed in biological flyers,...
In situ salinity, turbidity and temperature were measured at discrete depths and water samples for radioanalysis were simultaneously collected in the Columbia River Estuary using a specially designed instrument package. Particulate radioactivity was concentrated by filtration and the dissolved radioactivity by evaporation or ferric oxide bulk precipitation. Radioanalysis was by...
A liquid-extraction procedure for the concentration of zinc in
sea water was developed. The metal ion in sea water was chelated
with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and extracted into an organic
solvent, methylisobutylketone, at the normal pH of sea water. A
back-extraction into HCl followed, providing a concentration of 30X
for the...
Lab notebooks with lengths and weights of tested samples. Includes capture dates, depths and dates samples went into detector. Date of coverage: 11/28/91 to 11/12/65.
This report covers somewhat more than a full year of operation.
Individual contracts between the AEC and Oregon State University covering
the research of William Pearcy, Andrew Carey, Jr. , and Charles Osterberg
were combined into a joint contract on 1 November 1964. No Progress
Reports for the unexpired portions...
This history concerns the scientific contributions of Charles
Babbage (1791-1871) to mathematics, to the invention of calculating
machines, and machine tools, to the development of scientific ideas
through a wide variety of scientific investigations and his involvement
in several different scientific reforms. Babbage considered himself
a philosopher in the broadest...
Dedicated to recording, portraying, and indicting
the social inequities that he witnessed in nineteenth
century Victorian England, one of Charles Dickens' many
concerns was the roles assigned to women both in the
public and private spheres.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the
narratives of Amy Dorrit and...
An intensive chemical investigation, that includes the
determinations of salinity, oxygen, nutrients, pH, alkalinity, and
total carbon dioxide of the Columbia River plume off the Oregon
coast in July 1967 shows the following unique features:
1. Along the axis of the river plume both the salinity minimum and
temperature maximum...
This is a bibliography of the work of T. L. Jackson, who conducted research at the North Willamette Research and Experiment Center. It is limited to those Extension publications and research reports that addressed the nutrient needs of fresh market and processed vegetables.
The purpose of this study of the life and career of Dr. Carl
Leonard Anderson was to recount his professional contributions to
the field of health and relate these to public health and health education. The major emphasis of this study concerned Dr. Anderson's
professional life.
The accomplishment of the...
A seed maturation study was conducted to determine the earliest
date seed of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) may be
safely harvested without reduction in yield or seed quality. In 1981
and 1982, seed and bur weight, seed and bur moisture content, germination and seedling vigor were studied to determine...
Three isolates of Escherichia coli were labeled by their resistance
to sodium azide and, separately, to novobiocin, nalidix acid, and tetracycline.
The strains exhibited a high degree of persistence in the soil
environment and were recoverable on strain specific media at levels
within the 95% confidence interval of the numbers...
L. C. Dunn (1893-1974) spent most of his scientific career conducting research in
developmental genetics as a member of the Zoology Department at Columbia
University in the City of New York. He had an accomplished scientific career
researching mutations in mice, which earned him respect from other geneticists and
scientists....
Crossover frequencies for seven selected regions on five
chromosomes of maize were measured to ascertain the effect of
chelating agents on recombination. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,
EDTA, and dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO, were used in three concentrations
singly, and in all combinations. Plants heterozygous for
for linked genes governing seed and seedling...
For the Army aviator, Night Vision Goggle (NVG) flight in the tactical rotarywing
profile is a very demanding, task saturated environment. Map navigation is just one
of the many tasks that must be accomplished during flight. The dim, monochromatic
lighting required for NVG flight alters map colors, decreases image detail...
The Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area is managed by the Siuslaw
Forest division of the United States Forest Service (USFS). This area has gradually been
overcome by vegetation since the 1950's, originating with the exotic European Beach
Grass (Ammophila arenaria). The invasion of this exotic vegetation has resulted in a...
An emergency management system integrating remote sensing and geographic
information systems applied to emergency preparation, response, and recovery could
have reduced casualties and damage after the August 17, 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey
earthquake. Model system components include a horizontally and vertically distributed
knowledge base, LIDAR 3D urban modeling, automatic feature extraction,...
The purpose of this study is to determine if the
ntoraines damming proglacial Carver Lake are ice-cored.
The methodology to be employed consists of interpretation
of aerial photographs and field observations. The results
of these studies will be compared. to past research of
known ice-cored moraines in other regions of...
Hart Mountain is a basaltic fault block mountain
in the semi-desert region of the northern Basin and Range
province in south-central Oregon. Geomorphic processes
associated with lingering snowpatches have formed nivation
hollows, which are small scale depressions in the hillsides.
The lingering snow in the hollows prohibits shrub
growth. Bedrock...
Much of the rich forestlands of Oregon are subject to frequent mass wasting
events, resulting in severe environmental and economic damages. Extensive research has
shown that this landslide hazard is often exacerbated by many management activities.
Following a severe storm event which triggered thousands of landslides, the Oregon
Department of...
Pre-flood (1995), and post-flood (1996) channel stability surveys were conducted on 22 reaches along Oak Creek, Benton County, Oregon in an effort to note if the flood of February 1996 altered the channel and if the channel stability survey that was being used accurately predicted the channels resistance to change...
Pleistocene glaciation in the upper elevations of the
Western Cascade Mountains took two characteristic forms: cirque and
valley glaciers. Field observations in the Neal Creek and Thomas
Creek drainage areas of Snow Peak provide evidence of three glacial
advances. Glacial landforms in the Neal Creek Valley are dominated
by a...
Geographical geomorphology is a young science with a long,
complex history closely paralleling the growth and development of
geology. From an enthusiastic beginning under the tutelage of
William Morris Davis, geographical geomorphology rapidly lost its
influence and stature in geography. Today there is a sense of
purpose and direction that...
The 18 May 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, emplaced between 3-3.5 billion cubic yards (bcy) of poorly sorted material ranging from silt to boulders, extending from river mile (RM) 25 to RM 38 in the upper North Fork Toutle River drainage. Sediment yields from the debris avalanche were calculated...
Bangladesh lies almost entirely on the delta of three major rivers: the Padma (the
Ganges), the Jamuna (the Brahmaputra), and the Meghna. A considerable portion of
Bangladesh has been repeatedly devastated by floods associated with cyclonic storm
surges along its coastal islands and riverine flooding along the rivers traversing the...
Landslide processes occurring on a hillslope in McDonald-Dunn
Forest on the eastern slope of the Oregon Coastal Range are
described in terms of type, magnitude. minimum age and site
characteristics. Debris flows and debris avalanches are the
dominant types of slope movement occurring in the study area.
Landslide events classified...
Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant (LAAP), located near Shreveport, Louisiana, is a
government-owned contractor-operated plant. Its purpose is to manufacture, load and
assemble ammunition items. Area P has been used over the past 40 years to dump
explosive-laden wastewater into 16 unlined lagoons. In 1989 LAAP was placed on the
National...
Based on a pilot study completed near Heceta
Beach, Oregon, guidelines have been proposed for
the development of Oregon coastal sand areas.
The guidelines, in the form of performance standards
are designed with respect to the variability of
coastal sand areas. Landscape units and vegetation
associations were grouped to reflect...
Field data collection techniques in combination with remote
sensing techniques were used to interpret and map the complex flow pattern of
the numerous glaciers comprising the Juneau lcefield, spanning the Alaska-
Canada boundary range. The extensive nature of the icefield mandated the use
of a variety of methods for surveying...
This project focuses on the classification of
vegetation as a habitat for wild turkeys. The
vegetation classification discussed here is only one
part of a study looking at habitat requirements,
seasonal use patterns, and brood-rearing habits of
wild turkeys in Southern Oregon. The vegetation
classification was performed for an area...
The Geographic Information System (GIS) is an invaluable tool in manipulating and
interpreting world scale datasets. In recent years it has become the standard link between
water resource study and the ever-increasing numbers of high quality data sets. This
paper describes the use of Geographic Information Systems for gathering and...
In order for proper land use planning
to occur in coastal Lincoln County, Oregon, coastal
erosion rates should be determined. This has been
accomplished by identifying the location of the
Lincoln County coast in 1939, 1959, and 1973 and
measuring the amount of change occurring between
the years. The area...
Gathering empirical data on the factors and processes affecting bedload transport
in the field is difficult. This project conducted during the winter of 1996 field tested a new
passive method of positively tracking individual particle movement. The project was
conducted in Oak Creek, a gravel bedded stream, located in Corvallis,...
The focus of this study was to examine and record
the physical changes brought about by the breaching of the
Siltcoos Foredune. The origin of the dunes and the physical
processes that operate there must be considered before
effects due to the breach can be studied. A series of field...
Cirque aspects and elevations in the major highlands of Oregon indicate a pattern of climate during the Pleistocene similar to that of today. Mean cirque floor elevation increases toward the drier interior. Concentrations of cirques facing northeast, and steep gradients of cirque floor trend surfaces to the southwest, indicate a...
Sand dunes are used as indicators of wind
power potential and examples are presented of their application
as a prospecting technique at four study sites in
the Central Columbia River Basin. Aerial reconnaissance
is combined with interpretation of photography and topographic
maps as a basis of sand dune analysis. Sand...
Spectral profiles, transformed divergence values, and feature space derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data were used to analyze the ability of four false color composites to discriminate between different classes of salt-affected soils. To compare the spatial distribution of salt-affected soil classes, maps were generated for each false color...
The Jackson/Frazier Wetland is a small wetland
in Benton County, Oregon. It has one main inf lowing
stream, Jackson/Frazier Creek, and one main
outfiowing stream, a man-made drainage ditch.
Streamflow measurements were collected for both
streams over a four month period of November 1983 to
February 1984. This data was...
The main purpose of this project is to describe the hydrologic characteristics, with and without
regulation by dams, of the Coast and Middle Forks of the Willamette River, including the
floodplain, from the confluence to approximately eight miles upstream. The research is intended
to assess the future potential of the...
Aerial videography in combination with GPS were used to monitor the
active surge of Alaska's Bering Glacier. The large aerial extent of the study area and the
unpredictable weather in coastal Alaska required innovative techniques to be used in
order to successfully monitor the surge environment. A portable aerial videographic...
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP) is developing a nationally standardized database on landcover and habitat change in the coastal regions of the United States. The Willapa Bay eelgrass mapping project was granted to the Columbia River Estuary Study Task force (CREST) of Astoria,...
The main purpose of this research is
1. To analyze the terrain/climate of Cape Verde, with emphasis on cloud
cover, and its effect upon satellite image acquisition.
2. To use a methodology that allows the use of AutoCAD to map these clouds effect in image acquisition to permit viewing whatever...
In this study, LIDAR, light detection and ranging, was examined as to its ability to
depict the existence of forest roads and 'legacy' roads. LIDAR is most often used to
'see' though the trees or vegetation to get an accurate representation of the terrain. As
opposed to trying to remove...
A photographic band-ratioing technique was investigated.
The data source consisted of 70 mm Landsat Multispectral Scanner
(MSS) negatives. The process would require combining registered
positive and negative transparencies to achieve a ratio
modulation in the resulting print. This would also require
compensation for atmospheric effects on the original negatives by...
If wind power is to become a viable energy alternative, a rapid and reliable cost effective methodology must be established, whereby large areas can be surveyed for windy sites and those sites can be evaluated. Based primarily on locating wind deformed vegetation, this paper establishes the feasibility of using air...
Sections of the landscape in north central Oregon are
dominated by numerous soil mounds surrounded by stone rings. Mounds
vary in size and shape depending on slope and mound density. Internal
soil mass is free of stones to the bedrock level and is covered
by successive layers of volcanic ash....
Lincoln City, Oregon is an area of active environmental
processes and increasing development. To reduce conflict, a larger
data base on environmental hazards was required. Previous studies
in the area, remote sensing techniques and. field research were used
to accomplish this end. Within Lincoln City, numerous environmental
hazards were identified...
Human activity has led to the reactivation of
portions of a Pleistocene landslide complex in The Dalles,
Oregon. Slope movements are in rocks of the Chenowith
formation: agglomerate, conglomerate, tuff breccia, sandstone,
and siltstone. Slope movements occur in at least
two distinct areas in The Dalles. At one, the shear...
A slide inventory was conducted for a small watershed
in the northern Oregon Coast Range. Data on geology,
topography and climate were used to evaluate land stability
in the Moss Creek basin. As expected, a strong correlation
with slope steepness was shown. In addition, failures
predominantly occurred on slopes with...
Stream channel stability for two tributaries of Rock Creek in the
Oregon Coast Range is evaluated by application of a Stream Reach Inventory.
Stability nomographs are constructed for graphical analysis of
erosion potential. Results indicate that channel stability can be
classified. One stream is rated as 'Poor' in resistance to...
Soils of Santa Cruz Island, California were mapped
at the subgroup taxonomic level using a Geographic Information
System (GIS) and field survey. Lithologic substrate,
vegetative cover, slope gradient and slope aspect comprised
the GIS data layers; these correspond to the soil-forming
factors that were hypothesized to exert the greatest influence...
The surface mining of coal has accelerated in
northwest Colorado to the point where public pressure
plus impending state and federal regulations dictate the
need for comprehensive reclamation plans. A large coal
company operating in Moffat County has solicited recommendations
concerning soils, hydrogeology, geomorphology,
aesthetics, wildlife, vegetation, microclimatology, and
legal...
The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is rapidly expanding in almost every field of inquiry. The field of Archaeology is also learning to use GIS to improve both initial data collection in the field and data analysis in the lab. This paper evaluates the usefulness of the GIS software...
The Cape Verde Islands, off the coast of West Africa, are subject to violent precipitation events that cause extensive soil erosion and degradation of the landscape. A systematic approach to the collection, analysis, and dissemination of hydrophysical and geographic data was needed to effectively analyze the cause and effect variables...
In attempting to provide modern water and
sewerage services to the non-indigenous inhabitants of
Canadian Arctic communities, engineering modifications are
necessary owing to the presence of a continuous permafrost
zone and a severe climate. Modifications are constraints
on communities in that the costs of providing water and
sewerage services are...
Tsunamis pose a major threat to Oregon's coastal communities. Evacuation is
the best method to mitigate for tsunamis. Planning for tsunami evacuation is underway
in Oregon's coastal communities. Current methodologies use tsunami inundation
models and population for evacuation planning. Tsunamis from a Cascadia subduction
zone (CSZ) earthquake will create more...
A log step develops when large woody debris extends across the active
channel, creating a change in the water surface elevation as the stream
spills over the log step. By forming a series of vertical falls, log
steps reduce the amount of potential energy available for conversion to
kinetic energy...
This research paper focuses upon subsurface flow because of
its dominant influence on the other types of hilislope water flow
processes. The basic theory of water movement is quickly discussed in
order to build the reader's general background knowledge. With this
background, the journey starts into the poorly understood realm...
This report describes the latest in a series of studies sponsored by the Nationwide Forestry Applications Program. Each such study has attempted to enhance the interpretability of remotely-sensed imagery. In this case the image type of specific interest is high-altitude color infrared (CIR) photography. This is a resource management tool...
The Lawrence Memorial Grassland Preserve, located in
Wasco County, Oregon, exhibits a wide variety of soil mounds and
patterned ground features. The size, shape, and distribution of
several elements of this peculiar landscape were analyzed with a
detailed map, field observations, and statistical procedures.
Common soil mound shapes are circular,...
A slope stability map is created for the Astoria Basin, northwestern Oregon. The stability analysis is based upon a topographically based model, TOPOG model. The model predicts the occurrence of subsurface water-logging which reduces the shear-strength of a slope-profile. Simply stated, subsurface saturated zones occur wherever the local drainage flux...
The purpose of this paper was to examine if the depth and degree of circularity of weathering pits affects the accumulation of sediment. Thirty pits were surveyed over two one-week periods on Dance Hall Rock. Weathering pits were measured to determine their maximum width, minimum width, vertical depth, and depth...
The purpose of this study is to review the historical development of the central ideas of
military geography and terrain analysis and to examine these new research initiatives from that
perspective. Although the mobility and technological aspects of warfare have changed rapidly,
the essential geographic nature of warfare has remained...
A hierarchical approach to the assessment of wind power site potential
at Prairie Peak, Oregon, is evaluated. Maps, aerial photographs,
and terrestrial photographs are utilized. Data are derived from photographs
of wind flagged trees with the aid of an interactive computer
program. The technique produces a map of isotachs, lines...
A study conducted along the Lincoln County, Oregon coast
delineated the exact location of 153 landslides. The landslides were
found through the interpretation of aerial photographs. Each landslide
was verified in the field and its class (ancient, historic, recent),
type (slump, debris slide or flow, planar slide), and status (stable,...
The semantic differential technique was used to
quantify four interest groups' perceptions of twenty-six
Alaskan scenes. The scenes represented both panoramic views
and views of Mount McKinley from different sites in southcentral
Alaska. The perceptions were measured on six semantic
scales ("ugly-beautiful", "dislike-like", "unpleasantpleasant",
"unstimulating-stimulating", "level-mountainous",
and 'monotonous-varied"), and the...
In recent years, the field of videography (the process of obtaining
video imagery) has taken on greater significance in remote sensing
applications. Today studies are being conducted to determine the potential
uses and capabilites of airborne video imagery. In the past, satellite or aerial
photography analysis and interpretation has been...
This project explored one set of tools and procedures that
appeared to have the potential to make the handling of the spatial
data necessary for resource management more efficient and
effective. This project used data from the Nature Conservancy's
Lawrence Memorial Grassland Preserve and was designed to explore
a low...
The purpose of this paper is to define terrain analysis, as it relates to
military applications; to review the historical development of the central ideas
of terrain analysis, which has led to the development of three computer
programs that are designed to make terrain analysis an automated process
rather than...
The John Day Reservoir, a large reservoir between the John Day and the McNary Dams on the Columbia River, must be lowered several feet below design level during salmon migration season in order to preserve anadromous fish habitat. This research assessed the north shore of the John Day Reservoir for...
The ocean wave conditions at the mouth of the Columbia River have
long proven a hazard to ship navigation. Over 62 major shipwrecks
have occurred at, or in the vicinity of the river entrance. The wave
pattern is extremely complex, varying seasonally with prevailing winds
and river discharge, as well...
Map delineations of soil and vegetation for a 14,000
acre (5,800 hectare) site in the Oregon Coast Range were
compared. Research objectives were to ascertain the
types of information that could be extracted from delineation
comparisons and to develop a methodology suited
to this purpose. The latter objective was achieved...
Chameleon is a physics-based landscape modeling software system designed for modeling and simulations applications. Hyperspectral laboratory, field, and imaging spectrometer measurements are collected as empirical foundation data. Linear spectral unmixing is performed to decompose each image pixel into spectral endmembers. Mathematical manipulation of these fractional abundances and introduction of new...
Persistence has been identified as an issue at all levels of higher education,
and numerous strategies have been attempted to stem the flow of students who leave
an institution before completing their programs of study. Persistence research
abounds at the community college, four-year college and university levels, but little
research...