This collection houses the proceedings of the 20th biennial conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade (IIFET), entitled Managing a Changing Environment. The conference took place at Auditorio Mar de Vigo in Vigo, Galicia, Spain, from 18-22 July 2022. Conference organizers were M. Dolores Garza-Gil (University of...
Despite the use of gear requirements and access restrictions to manage lobster fishery interactions with north Atlantic right whales since 1997, the population is likely below 370 animals. The Dynamic Area Management (DAM) program (2002–2009) used “real time” right whale sightings data to provide temporary protection using closures or whale-modified-gear...
Scientific evidence reveals that renewable resource stock dynamics are subject to uncertainty due to changes in environmental conditions. Despite its critical impacts on management, little is known about the effects of such uncertainty on the formation of regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs). In this paper, we design a dynamic stock...
Marine Eco-Label Japan (MEL) is a unique Japanese seafood eco-labeling scheme launched in Japan shortly after the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) opened its office to evaluate the management of Japanese fisheries resources by large-scale commercial fisheries and small-scale and diverse fishing gear. It became MEL ver. 2 and was approved...
Outline: Fishing rights development in Australia, Assumptions - Commercial Fishing (CF) rights security, Experiences - CF rights and other claimants, uncertainty and investment, Options to strengthen resource security & compensation, CF rights - “prime movers” in developing an ocean investment framework, Going forward with the Blue economy, An improved BE...
This study was conducted between January 2017 to December 2018 in two fishing communities of Bayelsa and Rivers States, Nigeria. The choice of Imibikiri in Brass local government area, of Bayelsa State and Finima in Bonny Island local government, of Rivers State, was based on accessibility, security, fish production intensity,...
The European Union has set 2021 as the deadline for having a marine spatial plan in place for all its members. Despite the substantial literature analysing the last four decades of MSP implementation worldwide, the quantification of its economic effects remains at early stages. This presentation presents a methodological approach...
Policy makers must ensure that regulatory frameworks contribute to the maintenance of resilient marine ecosystems. Recreational fishers add additional pressure on worldwide fish stocks to that exerted by commercial fishing, especially in coastal areas. Fishing tourism have an increasingly stronger presence in areas with growing numbers of permanent residents. Marine...
This is an empirical analysis of the Malindi Ungwana Bay prawn fishery in the coast of Kenya. A resource allocation problem is at the heart of the conflict between artisanal fishers and commercial trawlers exploiting the prawn fishery in the bay. The Prawn Fishery Management plan by the government has...
Bermeo is a small town in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, cradle of a purse seiner of undisputed global relevance. Since the time of the Romans, it was recognized for its port, which led it to be one of the first three villages that were founded in the former...
Region policy instruments that transfer funds between jurisdictions are popular tools for mitigating spatial economic disparities. Given the regional aspect of fishing activity, these policy tools often benefit fisheries firms. In this paper, I study the effect of the regional policy area in Norway- a geographical area that is, among...
The small-scale coastal fisheries of Virginia account for a significant portion of the state’s total annual landings and employ thousands of individuals. Despite the value of these fisheries, the number of commercial licenses sold has declined more than 15% since 1994. Declines are attributed to various factors, but indicate potential...
This paper identifies the effect of Mauritian regulation changes on EU industrial vessels’ fishing activities and their implications for food security. The rich resources of Mauritanian waters have historically been utilized by large foreign trawlers, creating small ripple effects and jobs in Mauritania. However, in 2012, Mauritanian authorities introduced new...
The small-scale coastal fisheries of Virginia account for a significant portion of the state’s total annual landings and employ thousands of individuals. Despite the value of these fisheries, the number of commercial licenses sold has declined more than 15% since 1994. Declines are attributed to various factors, but indicate potential...
Low-value fish/ fishery by-products are potential economic resources for developing animal feeds. Accordingly, fish protein hydrolyzed technology is an excellent way to provide protein sources for animal nutrition. However, the nutritional quality and applying this new feed supplement are severely related to the production stages and next characteristics of agricultural...
Myctophid/lanternfish is one of the major fish stocks in the Oman Sea. The commercial utilization of lanternfish in the Persian side of the Oman Sea began in 2007. The vessels catching the lanternfish have not been specifically designed and equipped for this fishing operation. In addition, the lack of purposeful...
Why did I write a novel? Fisheries operate in complex adaptive systems. A novel can better illustrate the dominant role of system complexity in sector governance. A book may last longer than a paper. I like writing a story, even if it is an illusion within reality.
Fishing systems provide employment, income generation, poverty alleviation, and food security. The coexistence of small-scale fisheries (SSFs) and large-scale fisheries (LSFs) increases management complexity. Management actions have ecological and social implications that must be addressed carefully. We applied a bioeconomic game-theoretical model to the four-gear mullet fishery in southern Brazil—one...
Southwest Atlantic (SWA), corresponding to FAO Area 41, covers a total surface area of 17.65 million square kilometres. It spans from 5°N latitude off the coast of Brazil, to 60°S latitude off the coast of Argentina. Most of the area is classified as High-Seas, defined by the Convention of the...
We apply the Fishery Performance Indicators (FPIs) methodology to the Southeast Pacific Anchoveta Fishery off southern Peru and northern Chile. Our basic model of analysis is a production function framework, where the performance outcomes are a result of the available inputs. We measured all FPI categories (outcomes and input metrics)...
This paper studies the price volatility transmission between the different markets along the value chain of fresh anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in Spain. For this purpose, the prices at the ex-vessel market, the wholesale market and the retail market are considered. As a methodology, a Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) and an...
Decision-making in aquaculture is becoming increasingly complex due to the need of taking into account large volumes of data, and to consider other aspects besides the economic ones, such as product quality or the environmental sustainability, which are sometimes opposing and difficult to integrate. However, the development of simulation and...
While there has been a global proliferation of marine certification schemes aiming to incentivize sustainable fishing in the last decade, the uptake has been comparatively slow in Japan. Suggested reasons include difficulties assessing Japanese fisheries co-management institutions, and reduced profitability from complex seafood distribution networks and mismatched consumer preferences. However,...
Key Takeaway: Understanding this process and factors that influence compliance decisions can help support the development of effective regulations. Importance of consistent observer coverage. Compliance varied by violation choice. Importance of port-level campaigns.
The main objective of this study is to assess seafood marketing and pathway in Nigerian coastline (the case of Lagos and Ondo States in the South West, Nigeria).
The specific objectives were to determine the: demographic characteristics of seafood marketers in the study area; gender pathway involved in seafood marketing...
Research on small-scale fisheries has largely focused on men’s fishing practices and perceptions and considerably discounted the important contributions by women to household food security and economies (Harper et al. 2013). Studies in most West African countries confirm that post- harvest activities is gendered in nature and revolves around traditional...
Although aquaculture is the food-production industry that has grown the most in recent years, its companies inherently face more variability in their results than companies from other industries This can be explained by the increasing complexity in their decision-making processes, due to the large number of, external and internal, influencing...
The valuation marine ecosystem services have been receiving increasing attention in scientific literature, however most of the research is focused in marketed services and does not consider the part of the total economic value. Some services like cultural services that are not direct (touristically) or indirectly marketed as part of...
Nigeria with an annual potential of 2.5 million tonnes of fish from aquaculture produced only 316,727 tonnes in 2015 out of the domestic production of 1.027 million tonnes and total fish demand of 3.25 million tonnes. The government has put in place a lot of initiatives to increase aquaculture production...
Fishing systems provide employment, income generation, poverty alleviation, and food security. Management actions have ecological, economic and social implications that must be addressed carefully. The coexistence of small-scale fisheries (SSFs) and large-scale fisheries (LSFs) increases management complexity. Game-theoretical bioeconomic models empower management decisions in such complex systems.
One pressing economic, societal and environmental issue affecting commercial fisheries is the production of undesirable outputs. In fisheries, undesirable outputs often arise because of economic or regulatory discarding of commercial species and/or the incidentally caught or ‘take’ of protected species, such as sea turtles and marine mammals. In fisheries, undesirable...
Iran is among the pioneers in the farming of rainbow trout that is mostly up to 1 kg with a production of 173,000 tonnes in 2018, principally used for domestic consumption. Farmers use labour-intensive hand feeding and counting eggs by hand. Imported trout eggs are preferred to domestic eggs as...
The estimation of production frontiers using revenue as the dependent variable is very common in fisheries research since in multi-species fisheries boats catch several species and their output must be aggregated somehow. The objective of this paper is to decompose revenue efficiency into two components, one due to quantities and...
This contribution aims to provide an economic assessment of the seabream and seabass industry in the Mediterranean, in order to describe the recent development and current situation of the economy and markets of this industry. It focuses on analyzing the economic and financial structure at different levels of aggregation (industry,...
Nigeria with an annual potential of 2.5 million tonnes of fish from aquaculture produced only 316,727 tonnes in 2015 out of the domestic production of 1.027 million tonnes and total fish demand of 3.25 million tonnes. The government has put in place a lot of initiatives to increase aquaculture production...
Introduction: The issue of the economic relations between major fishing countries (EU and Asian countries) if of major concern: Overt and tacit vessel subsidies, the asymmetry in the benefits for lower income and higher income countries from fishing and fish processing, LDC EEZs account for around 11 per cent of...
Diversification of fishery revenue can reduce interannual variation in revenue and thereby lower financial risk (e.g., Kasperski and Holland, 2013; Cline, Schindler, and Hilborn, 2017; Sethi, Reimer and Knapp 2014; Anderson, Ward and Shelton 2017), Average fishery diversification levels on the US West Coast have been declining over time –...
Iceland adopted an ITQ system for all of its fisheries more than three decades ago. The system has worked well in increasing the economic performance of the fisheries and, at least seemingly, the enforcement of the TACs. The Fisheries Directorate (FD) is aware of the potential problem of discards and...
In this paper, we analyze how public monitoring and enforcement (M\&E) efforts affect the success of a collective property right. We develop a bioeconomic model to generate several theoretical predictions, which we test empirically by assembling and analyzing novel data on public patrolling and fishing activity in the Chilean abalone...
Artificial reefs (AR) were created not only to enhance biodiversity (namely by stimulating the increase of fish stocks), but also to attract diving tourism or sport fishing enthusiasts. Industry 4.0 tools – e.g., mobile technologies and cloud computing – can be used for AR monitoring purposes and can serve as...
Artificial reefs (AR) were created not only to protect sea bottoms (Lee et al., 2018) and enhance biodiversity namely by stimulating the enhancement of fish stocks (Pioch et al., 2020), but also to attract diving tourism (Shani et al., 2012) or sport fishing enthusiasts (Radonski et al., 2018). In order...
Global Trends: Foreign and transnational ownership (& ownership interests), Complex structures: vertical integration, flags of convenience, joint ventures, etc., Concentration: a handful of corporations controlling global fisheries (Österblom et al. 2015,Carmine et al. 2020). Why Regulate?: Risk of monopolies and market failure, Governance of corporations (i.e., compliance, enforcement), Who captures...
Over recent decades, the EU aquaculture sector has been implementing actions towards the minimization of waste as a strategy for increasing the circular attributes of the management system. In this context, it is relevant to develop methodologies to quantify and assess the circularity that will ultimately be achieved by new...
Global Trends: Foreign and transnational ownership (& ownership interests), Complex structures: vertical integration, flags of convenience, joint ventures, etc., Concentration: a handful of corporations controlling global fisheries (Österblom et al. 2015,Carmine et al. 2020). Why Regulate?: Risk of monopolies and market failure, Governance of corporations (i.e., compliance, enforcement), Who captures...
There is no doubt that policy makers must ensure that the different regulation frameworks contribute to the maintenance of resilient ecosystems that sustain healthy resources for commercial fishers, contributing to the economies that depend on their activity and supply markets with healthy products. However, marine recreational fishing also contributes significantly...
The European Union, under the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund, implement the Community-Led Local Development (CLLD). This programme is designed to address the main challenges faced in the fisheries areas by proposing and testing new solutions by the coastal population. In this sense, Spain plays a key role due to...
Local users may invest in managing common pool resources, thereby promoting social and ecological resilience. Institutional or economic limits on access are regarded as essential preconditions for incentivizing local investments, but we show here that investment incentives can exist even under open access. We modeled a recreational harvest fishery in...
In the past two decades resource economists have made great headway in understanding spatial-dynamic processes in resource exploitation and management. However, despite this progress, there remain large gaps in understanding the spatialdynamics of recreational resources. Here we first develop a general bioeconomic model of a renewable recreational resource use, under...
Marine recreational fishing (MRF) is a leisure activity and a cultural ecosystem service that, beyond the welfare obtained by its practitioners, has an interesting potential to boost maritime economies. However, it does not represent a formal sector on the national accounts and, in Europe, it lacks a systematic and common...
First-sale prices of fish respond to both local and global drivers, and artisanal fishermen are often considered as price-acceptors due to their limited capacity to influence them, a key issue for their survival and value added creation. However, in artisanal fisheries, the frequent lack of data hinders us from understanding...
Introduction:
SSFs → Own characteristics that often affect prices. First‐sale prices are key for the sustainability of SSF,often price‐acceptors → influence of supra‐local factors (exports, imports, value‐chain forces) and industrial fisheries. Certain local/regional SSF management measures also aim to have effects on this price: fisheries regulation, commercial strategies, labelling, etc....
The Cíes Islands show an extremely rich biodiversity, making them the core element of Galicia’s Atlantic Islands, and are an extremely attractive area for the development of small-scale fishing, as well as for tourism and recreational activities, which could constitute a priori a potential risk insofar as maintaining the natural...
Context and objective: Beyond leisure and food (sea ES) → MRF boosts maritime economies, but not a formal industry in our economic accounts. EU DCF → increasing focus on MRF, to be considered in commercial fisheries management decisions (CFP). Limitations of traditional approaches (aggregated expenditures,non‐market microeconomics) to assess MRF economic...
Study Objectives: IPHC socioeconomic study was a direct response to the Commission’s “desire for more comprehensive economic information to support the overall management of the Pacific halibut resource in fulfillment of its mandate”, Commission’s objective is to develop stocks of Pacific halibut that permit “optimum yield from the fishery and...
In the absence of formal insurance, fishers often ”self-insure” against financial risk due to environmental and economic factors by adjusting fishing activities over species, space, and time. This diversification can be effective (e.g., Kasperski and Holland, 2013; Cline, Schindler, and Hilborn, 2017; Sethi, Dalton, and Hilborn, 2012; Fuller et al.,...
The EU framework for the collection and management of fisheries data (EU Reg. 1004/2017) requires estimates of four variables related to capital value and capital cost of fishing fleets, i.e. Consumption of fixed capital, Value of physical capital, Value of quota and other fishing rights, Investments in tangible assets. The...
Seafish has undertaken an economic impact assessment (EIA) of the landing obligation for key UK fleets targeting demersal stocks. The purpose of the EIA is to provide information that supports decision-making and understanding at a fleet segment, home nation and national level. The EIA has been undertaken in two phases:...
The positions of Japan and Australia have been in sharp contrast over whaling; Japan seeks to expand whaling and is not concerned about protecting whales while Australia attempts to halt whaling and strengthen whale conservation. In this study, we hypothesize that this sparked difference reflects different levels of willingness to...
Conflicts over the use of coastal areas are expected to increase in Norway in the future. In Northern Norway, salmon aquaculture and marine fishing tourism are expected to expand, affecting both the space available for other uses and ecosystems, including traditionally harvested fish stocks. While data is available to managers...
Overfishing has been cited as a major cause of sea bass population decline and recent scientific analyses have reinforced previous concerns of unsustainable fishing advising urgently for a substantial reduction in fishing mortality. For the first time, 2013, the ICES released an analytical advice on the status of the European...
The debate in commercial fishery management has evolved from whether well-defined rights are necessary for sustainability to evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of different rights based system designs. Two of Latin America's largest fisheries, the Chilean Jack Mackerel and Peruvian Anchovy, allocate quota at the vessel-level and restrict the lease...
This talk will introduce the special session on the Economics of Bycatch. It will provide an overview of the session. It will then discuss in general terms a variety of incentive-based approaches to managing bycatch that give vessels greater flexibility to devise cost-effective solutions of their own making. These include...
Access to credit has been identified as a crucial tool in increasing fish production in the developing countries like Nigeria. Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) was established for the purpose of boosting agricultural production (fish production inclusive). It is, therefore, imperative to study the Influence of Agricultural Credit Guarantee...
This study proposes three methods for technical efficiency (TE) estimation using three different fish stock proxy measures while applying the stochastic production frontier (SPF) approach. We apply these methods to two Vietnamese offshore fisheries, gillnet and hand-line, for which measures of stock abundance are unavailable. Based on the assumption of...
Fishing is the most dangerous job in the United States. When fisheries management creates the incentive to "race for fish", a fishing season can be reduced to only a few days and involve around-the-clock fishing in life-threatening weather conditions. Overloaded vessels, ignoring maintenance problems on vessels, and fishing in dangerous...
As the demand for sustainably caught seafood increases, market actors are increasingly interested in engaging with initiatives to increase the sustainability of their supply chains. Fishery Improvement Projects (FIPs) have been implemented in many parts of the world and are a way by which retailers and their 1st and 2nd...
The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a treasured catch for both commercial and recreational fishers at the Baltic Sea. Especially in Tornionjoki river, which is one of the two remaining wild salmon rivers at the Finnish coast of Baltic, recreational fishing is an increasingly popular activity, and a source of...
After thirty years of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) in Europe, its limitations in relation to environmental and socio-economic aspects have been well-documented. The STEFC identified some reasons that contribute to poor socio-economic performance due to environmental factors (e.g. reduced TACs and quotas for several key stocks, scarcity of some...
This paper highlights the fishing industry's views on economic impact assessments related to fisheries, and in particular the Scottish Government's assessment accompanying the MPA Consultation. The industry felt this assessment was incomplete, failed to recognise the true impacts on fishermen affected and failed to acknowledge local impacts on communities. We...
Subsidies are most often discussed within global fora (such as the World Trade Organization) in terms of concerns over trade distortions, if some countries gain an unfair advantage, through their subsidies, over unsubsidized industry elsewhere. In fisheries, this concern is matched by an environmental argument – that fish stock depletion...
Over a billion people on our planet suffer from a lack of food and another two billion have nutritional deficiencies. By 2050, global food production will need to increase by between 70 and 100 percent to feed a growing global population. Small-scale fisheries play a critical role in food security...
The oyster culture sector in France is facing since 2008 a crisis due to over-mortalities of spat, strongly related to the virus OsHV1-μvar. The consequence is a large decrease in total production, from 111,000 T in 2007 to 80,000 T in 2014. This communication is focusing the consequences on the...
This paper considers social wellbeing in the context of three dimensions; material conditions, quality of life, and sustainability dimensions to explore the key factors that affect the wellbeing of fishers in the Western Region of Ghana using 119 respondents. The study first considers descriptive analysis to assess the correlation between...
This document provides an overview of a presentation held during the Industry and Policy Day at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The presentation was part of Session A4: Global Market: Connections and Prospective Opportunities. The session was chaired by Maarten Mens, and the presentation was given by...
The fish auction markets have proven important in the development of the Icelandic fish industry from the time of their establishment in Iceland in 1987, evening out short run catch variations, allowing for specialization and contributing to increased value creation in the value chain for fish and fish products. This...
Recently, several studies have investigated price behaviors of aquaculture and wild fisheries products and related the differences in price fluctuations to production technology, and environmental shocks. Researchers have also documented the evidence of asymmetric price responses along the supply chain of seafood products; however, a feature that has received little...
One way to evaluate the bio-economic performance of fisheries is to base the decision to harvest on whether there is a benefit from leaving particular sizes of fish to reproduce or sell them today at market price. This takes into account both size-dependent fecundity and size-dependent pricing, two commonly overlooked...
Granting catch shares to cooperatives is a fisheries management option that has been widely applied. Although fishery cooperatives systems around the world are structured in various ways, it appears that most share the characteristic that members of the same cooperative are jointly and severally liable for not exceeding collectively assigned...
This study attempts to design MPAs to manage sea cucumbers in the coastal waters of Sri Lanka. A bio-economic model developed by Stefansson and Rosenberg (2005) was used in this study. In model simulation, area between 080170 - 060 500 N and 810 250 - 820 was considered and this...
Background: Commercial fishing is one of the most hazardous industries in the US. The occupational fatality rate in 2014 was 80.8/100,000 full-time equivalent workers, nearly 25 times higher than the national average for all workers. The purpose of this study was to identify causes and contributing factors of fatalities to...
The agrofood sector is the first activity of the manufacturing industry in Europe, representing 14.6% of the total revenue and a value of more than € 1,048,000 mill. in 2014. Nevertheless, this economic subbranch is characterised by lower investment in R&D,the 0.53% level in 2009, than food and manufacturing industries...
The declining price anomaly for sequential sales of identical commodities challenges auction theory which predicts constant prices within a day. Among hypotheses explaining the phenomenon stands the dual value of goods including a risk premium in early transactions. We consider that asymmetric bidder groups and shortage periods may also affect...
The recent history of fisheries management in New England has seen substantial interannual variability in total allowable catches (TACs), with stocks deemed healthy in one year retroactively identified as overfished soon thereafter. Concurrently, avenues for and examples of coordination between fishermen are increasing in the region, as exemplified by the...
We investigate how individual preferences affect noncompliance in fisheries. We use data from a combined web-based experiment and survey of Norwegian fishermen to empirically analyze this. In the economic experiment, the participants won real money in a set of lotteries based on their answers and lottery outcomes. Based on the...
Depleted fish stocks and habitat degradation associated with human activity, particularly fishing, are both the subject of increasing concern and research. Harvest control rules and no-take marine reserves are two management approaches regularly advocated as effective means of restoring depleted fish stocks and preventing fishery collapse. We incorporate these two...
The implementation of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and the Integrated Maritime Policy (IMP) requires scientific advice in many different fields such as marine biology, marine ecology and fishery economics. A wide range of fisheries data needed for scientific advice is collected, managed and made available by the Member States...
Fuel costs are one of the main cost items fishing fleets have to face, even when fuel prices for the fishing sector are often lower than public prices, as in many other production sectors. Fuel prices paid by the fishing sector are often exempted of certain taxes. Fuel subsidies, such...
The paper devises an integrated ecological–economics–social model to assess the implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in the South China Sea (SCS). In particular, this paper presents the development of an integrated model, which links a regional economics social accounting matrix (SAM) model to an ecological...
Aquaculture has been the world's fastest growing food production technology in recent decades and the effects of its developments are felt in seafood markets worldwide. As a result, fishermen face an additional challenge that has the potential to impact their choice of whether to reduce participation, what species to target,...
Bycatch in fishing gear remains the greatest single cause of serious injury and mortality for marine mammals worldwide. There are multiple challenges in reducing this bycatch, including assessment of the level of bycatch and its impact on the population, designing measures that effectively reduce bycatch while maintaining a viable fishery,...
This presentation provides an overview of a Special Session presentation held at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The registration number and title of the special session were 5334: Improving Food Security and Reducing Poverty through Intra-regional Fish Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa. The session was organized and chaired...
The parrotfish and lobster fisheries play important ecological functions. Besides the ecological functions, the fisheries are important market assets exploited for food and income and cater for different markets. Because of the differences in the value of the two fisheries, competitive strategies employed by fishers and traders and the implications...
This document provides a summary of a Special Session held at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The title of the special session was: Gender Research as a New Frontier in Fisheries and Aquaculture Economics: In the Footsteps of Rosemary Firth. The session was organized by Meryl Williams.
The paper explores the characteristics of fishing industry and multi-goals pursued through the legal regimes and policies on Chinese fishing industry, and analyses some problems with the existing legal regimes on fishing.It is concluded:
(1) that fishing licensing system needs to be reformed under the theories of property law and...